a-
Етимологија
Од Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Префикс
a-
- Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected
Изведени термини
Страна категорија
Систем
Етимологија 1
Од Средњи Енглески a- (“up, out, away”), од Стари Енглески ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, од Пра-Германски *uz- (“out-”), од Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, German er-.
Изговор
Префикс
a-
- (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out
- arise, await
- (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense of intensified action.
- abide, amaze
Етимологија 2
- A proclitic form of preposition a; from Стари Енглески an (“on”)
- See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)
Изговор
Префикс
a-
- (rare or no longer productive) in, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- apace, afire, aboil, a-bling
- (no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- asunder
- In the direction of, or toward. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- astern, abeam
- (archaic, dialectal) At such a time. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- Come a-morning we are going hunting.
- (archaic, dialectal) In the act or process of. Being conflated with the next definition, a- is used in some dialects to indicate any participle. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- 1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go
- 1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas:
- The twelfth day of Christmas,
- My true love sent to me
- Twelve lords a-leaping,
- …
- Eight maids a-milking,
- Seven swans a-swimming,
- Six geese a-laying,
- circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling
- Here we come a-wassailing
- Among the leaves so green;
- Here we come a-wand’ring
- So fair to be seen.
- 1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:
- Oh waste no words a-wooing
- The soft sleep to your bed;
- 1964, Bob Dylan, "The Times They Are a-Changin' " (recorded 1963, released 1964):
- The order is rapidly fadin'
- And the first one now will later be last
- For the times they are a-changin'
- circa 1970, bumper sticker:[2]
- If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’.
Etymology 3
From Средњи Енглески a-, a variant form of y-, from Стари Енглески ġe-, from Пра-Германски *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- (deprecated use ofArchaic and Dialectal. In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle. [First attested around 1150 to 1350 (Middle English).][1]
|lang=
parameter) Obsolete form of y-.- aware, alike
Etymology 4
From Anglo-Norman a-, from Стари Француски e-, from Латински ex-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- abash
Etymology 5
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
- (US)
Prefix
a-
- Not, without, opposite of.
- amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic
- 1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7:
- When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities [...].
- 2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin 2013, page 191:
- If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.
Usage notes
- Used with stems that begin with consonants except sometimes h. an- is synonymous and is used in front of words that start with vowels and sometimes h.[3]
Etymology 6
From Средњи Енглески a-, from Middle French a-, from Латински ad (“towards”).
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue
Usage notes
- Used on stems that started with sc, sp, or st, and also used on stems with a French origin.
- Used in place of ad-.[4]
Etymology 7
From Латински ab (“of, off, from, away”)
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Away from. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- avert, aperient, abridge, assoil[3]
Usage notes
Etymology 8
From Средњи Енглески a-, o- (“of”)
- See a (preposition, of)
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Of, from. [First attested prior to 1150.][1]
- anew, afresh, athirst[3]
Usage notes
Different Germanic senses of a- became confused – vaguely “intensive” – and are no longer productive. The Greek sense of “not” (e.g., amoral, asymmetry) remains productive.
- “[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic [nice-sounding], or even archaic, and wholly otiose [pointless].” OED.
Derived terms
References
- Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], →ISBN 978-0198605751), page 1
- “a-” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN 978-1-4114-0500-4, page 1.
- Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN 0-394-43600-8), page 1
- “a-” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2025.
A-Pucikwar
Prefix
a-
- prefix attached to words relating to the mouth, such as the names of languages
Danish
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter)Audio: (file)
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
See also
Finnish
Prefix
a-
French
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Стари Француски a-, from Латински ad-.
Prefix
a-
- A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
References
- “a-” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
German
Pronunciation
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without, opposite of)
Derived terms
Further reading
- a- у Duden на интернету
Italian
Etymology 1
Prefix
a-
- ad- (indicating direction)
Usage notes
The Italian prefix a- often reduplicates the following consonant (syntactic gemination, raddoppiamento fonosintattico). The actual forms usually will be ab- (in abbracciare), ac- (in accorrere), ad- (in addestrare), al- (in allargare) etc.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-).
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Latin
Etymology 1
Prefix
ā-
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ab-
Usage notes
Used before bilabial voiced consonants: b-, m- and v-.
Etymology 2
From ad (“towards”)
Prefix
a-
- (Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st) (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ad-- a- + scandere (“climb”) → ascendere (“climb up, go up; rise, spring up”)
- a- + scrībere (“write”) → ascrībere (“state in writing, add in writing; insert; appoint, enroll, enfranchise, reckon, number”)
- a- + spīrāre (“breathe”) → aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)
- a- + specere (“observe, look at”) → aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)
- a- + stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)
- a- + struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)
Latvian
Etymology
Via other European languages, ultimately from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
|lang=
parameter) Audio: | (file) |
Prefix
Navajo
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
This prefix is often used as a neutral possessive pronoun to make the citation forms of inalienable nouns: amá (“someone's mother”), akʼos (“someone's neck”), ajáád (“someone's leg”), ajááʼ (“someone's ear”), akʼéí (“someone's kin”). The alternative is to use the prefix ha- (“one's”) or bi- (“his/her/its/their”) to make these dictionary forms.
See also
Northern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without)
Derived terms
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without)
Derived terms
References
- “a-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From an earlier form ar-, from Пра-Германски *uz-. Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).
Pronunciation
Prefix
ā-
- forming words with the sense from, away, off, out, e.g. āniman
Derived terms
Descendants
Old French
Etymology
From Латински ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.
Prefix
a-
- indicating movement towards something
- (by extension) indicating a change of state
- intensifying prefix
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of es-
Old Irish
Prefix
Usage notes
This form merges with the prefixes ro-, no-, di-, to-, fo-, ar-, and imm- to form ra-, na-, da-, da-, fa-, ara-, imma- respectively. It disappears after the particle ní (“not”), its only trace being the mutation it causes (eclipsis in the case of the masculine, lenition in the case of the neuter), thus ní cara (does not love) vs. ní chara (does not love it), ní ben (does not strike) vs. ní mben (does not strike him).
Derived terms
See also
Old Saxon
Etymology
From an earlier form ar-, from Пра-Германски *uz-. Cognate with Стари Енглески a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).
Pronunciation
Prefix
ā-
- forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. āniman
Derived terms
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Polish
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of nie.
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- forming words with the sense of negation
- a- + społeczny → aspołeczny
Derived terms
Further reading
- a- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese a-.
Prefix
a-
- added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X
- added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of ne.
Prefix
a- (Ћирилица spelling а-)
- Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word.
- a- + sȍcijālan → ȁsocijālan
- a- + simètrija → asimètrija
- a- + brahija → abrahija
- Синоними: bez-, ne-
References
- “a-” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Spanish
Etymology 1
Prefix
a-
- A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.
See also
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *à-.
Prefix
a- (medial ka-)
See also
- u- (in other cases)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Etymology 3
Prefix
a-
- Class 6 relative concord.
Etymology 4
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *à-.
Prefix
a- (medial ka-)
See also
- u- (in other cases)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Etymology 4
Prefix
a-
- Class 6 relative concord.
Etymology 5
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.
Etymology 6
Prefix
a-
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ma- (hortative)
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “a-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “a-”
a-
a-
Префикс: a-
Порекло: Grčko
Примери:
Изведене речи: a-
- a- an- (G) bez ne amoralan ateist anemija (G)
- ab-[1] (L) od, iz, sa abnormalan, abdicirati
- ad- ak- af- (L) ka adaptacija, akcenat, afera
- aero- (L) vazduh aerodrom, aeronautika
- amb- ambi- (G) oba ambivalencija
- amfi- (G) okolo amfiteatar
- ante- (L) pre ispred antecedens
- anti- (G) protiv suprotno antibiotik antiklimaks
- apo- (G) od raz- apokalipsa apoteoza
- arh- (G) nad prvi pra- arhiepiskop arhaizam
- aut- (E) izvan autsajder
- auto- (G) sam samo- automat autobiograf
- bene- (L) dobar beneficija
- bi- (G) dva biseksualac bicikl
- centi- cente- (L) sto centimetar
- cirk- (L) okolo cirkulacija cirkular
- de- (F) ukidanje padanje demobilizacija degradacija
- deka- deci- (G) deset dekada decimala
- demo- (G) narodno demokratija demografija
- di- (G) dvostruko dva- dijada dijadema
- dija- (G) kroz preko dijagnoza dijafragma
- dis- (L) [[]]
- duo- (G) [[]]
- ek- (L) [[]]
- eks- (L) [[]]
- ekstra- (L) [[]]
- ekvi- (L) [[]]
- en- (G) [[]]
- epi- (G) [[]]
- heksa- (G) [[]]
- hemi- (G) [[]]
- hepta- (G) [[]]
- hidra- hidro- (G) [[]]
- hipo- (G) [[]]
- hiper- (G) [[]]
- homo- (L) [[]]
- in- il- im- (L) [[]]
- in- im- (L) [[]]
- inter- (L) [[]]
- intra- intro- (L) [[]]
- izo- (G) [[]]
- kata- (G) [[]]
- ko- kom- (L) [[]]
- kon- () [[]]
- kontra- () [[]]
- kvadra- kvadro- () [[]]
- mal- () [[]]
- meta- () [[]]
- mono- () [[]]
- multi- () [[]]
- non- () [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
- nekro-
- neo-
- op-
- of-
- okta- okto-
- orto-
- paleo-
- pan-
- para-
- penta-
- peri-
- per-
- poli-
- post-
- pra-
- pre-
- prim-
- pro-
- pro-
- re-
- retro-
- semi-
- sil-
- sin-
- sub-
- super
- tele-
- ter-
- tetra-
- trans-
- [[]]
- tri- (L,G) tri trijada triangl
- ultra- (L) izvan ultraljubičast ultrakratak
- uni- (L) jedan univerzalan uniforma
Префикс
- ↑ Toni Buzan : Brzo čitanje, strana 163