-u

Такође погледајте: -ú

Chuukese

Suffix

-u

1. out, outwards; used to modify verb direction

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Esperanto

Etymology 1

Perhaps from the Greek -ou imperative (pronounced [u]) of deponent verbs such as dekhou "receive!", or from the Hebrew imperative -û. It may instead—or also—be connected to the vowel of the Esperanto conditional suffix -us, minus the s of the indicative inflections.

Suffix

-u

1. do [it]! (jussive inflection of verbs)

   Parolu! ― Speak!

Etymology 2

Apparently connected to the u at the end of unu (“one, a certain”).

Suffix

-u

1. -one. (Ending of the individual correlatives.)

   kiu (“what individual, who”)

   tiu (“that individual, that one”)

   ĉiu (“all individuals, everyone”)

   iu (“some individual, someone”)

   neniu (“no individual, nobody”)

   (unofficial) aliu (“another individual, someone else”)

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Estonian

Etymology

Cognate with Finnish -u.

Suffix

-u (genitive -u, partitive -u)

1. Derives nouns from verbs or prefixes

   jagama "to divide" → jagu "a part, a share"

   kaduma "to disappear" → kadu "loss, losing"

   sise- "inside" → sisu "content"

   pesema "to wash" → pesu "wash, washing"

Derived terms

Категорија Estonian terms suffixed with -u није пронађена

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Finnish

Etymology

From .

Suffix

-u (front vowel harmony variant -y)

1. Forms nouns from verbs. Most common with e- and i-stem verbs.

   ‎hyppiä (“to be jumping”) + ‎-u → ‎hyppy (“jump”)

   ‎itkeä (“to cry”) + ‎-u → ‎itku (“cry(ing)”)

   ‎pestä (“to wash”) + ‎-u → ‎pesu (“wash(ing)”)

   ‎potkia (“to kick”) + ‎-u → ‎potku (“kick”)

   ‎urheilla (“to practice sport”) + ‎-u → ‎urheilu (“sport”)

2. Derives a number of nouns from other nouns.

   ‎silmä (“eye”) + ‎-u → ‎silmu (“bud”)

   ‎sisä- (“inside”) + ‎-u → ‎sisu (“determination, perseverance”)

Usage notes

The front-harmonic variant -y is only used when the first vowel of the word is one of the harmonic front vowels y, ä, ö; words beginning with neutral front vowels e, i take the back-harmonic variant.

Declension

Inflection of -u (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		-u	-ut
genitive		-un	-ujen
partitive		-ua	-uja
illative		-uun	-uihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-u	-ut
accusative	nom.	-u	-ut
	gen.	-un
genitive		-un	-ujen
partitive		-ua	-uja
inessive		-ussa	-uissa
elative		-usta	-uista
illative		-uun	-uihin
adessive		-ulla	-uilla
ablative		-ulta	-uilta
allative		-ulle	-uille
essive		-una	-uina
translative		-uksi	-uiksi
instructive		—	-uin
abessive		-utta	-uitta
comitative		—	-uineen

Possessive forms of -u (type valo)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-uni	-umme
2nd person	-usi	-unne
3rd person	-unsa

Inflection of -u (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
nominative		-u	-ut
genitive		-un	-ujen -uiden -uitten
partitive		-ua	-uja -uita
illative		-uun	-uihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-u	-ut
accusative	nom.	-u	-ut
	gen.	-un
genitive		-un	-ujen -uiden -uitten
partitive		-ua	-uja -uita
inessive		-ussa	-uissa
elative		-usta	-uista
illative		-uun	-uihin
adessive		-ulla	-uilla
ablative		-ulta	-uilta
allative		-ulle	-uille
essive		-una	-uina
translative		-uksi	-uiksi
instructive		—	-uin
abessive		-utta	-uitta
comitative		—	-uineen

Possessive forms of -u (type palvelu)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	-uni	-umme
2nd person	-usi	-unne
3rd person	-unsa

See also

• -o
• -uu

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French

Etymology

From Латински -ūtus. Cognate to Italian -uto (as in barbuto) and Spanish -udo (as in barbudo).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): /y/

Suffix

-u

1. Forming adjectives having the sense of ‘having quality of, being provided with’ (the root word).

   ‎barbe (“beard”) + ‎-u → ‎barbu (“bearded”)

   ‎ventre (“belly”) + ‎-u → ‎ventru (“pot-bellied, rounded”)

Derived terms

Категорија Француски terms suffixed with -u није пронађена

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Gothic

Romanization

-u

1. Romanization of -𐌿

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Greenlandic

Affix

-u (n-v^?, truncative^?, uses -j- as interfix^?)

1. be

   ilinniartitsisoq (“teacher”) -> ilinniartitsisiuuvugut (“we are teachers”) .

   Ukiuuvoq.

   It is winter.

   • 1998 May 7, "Tasiilami efterskoleqalernissaa Jakob Sivertsen-ip sulissutigaa", Atuagagdliutit / Grønlandsposten

     Inatsisartunut ilaasortaq Jakob Sivertsen Atassummeersoq ilungersornertuujuvoq.

     MP Jakob Sivertsen, of Atassut, is diligent.

   • 1992, "Meeqqakka", Atuagagdliutit/Grønlandsposten

     Ernerput anguteqatiminoortartunngorsimavoq (19-inik ukioqarluni paasineqarpoq), niviarsiararlu nukarleq arnaqatiminoortartunngorsimalluni. Akulleq pissusissamisoortuuvoq.

     Our son has become gay (it was discovered when he was 19 years old), and the youngest girl has become a lesbian. The middle [child] is as she should be [i.e. heterosexual].

Usage notes

May become additive after a strong q base.

References

• Bjørnum, S.: Grønlandsk Grammatik, p. 275. Atuagkat 2003.
• Vestgrønlandsk grammatik, p. 81, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
• -u in Katersat

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): [u]

Suffix

-u

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive.

   apa (“father”) → apu (“dad”)

Derived terms

Категорија Мађарски nouns suffixed with -u није пронађена

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Ido

Etymology

Common vowel found in pronouns in Romance languages: Француски tu, Италијански tu and Шпански tú, also in Француски vous and as an o in Италијански voi and Шпански vos, etc. (Compare tu and vu)

Suffix

-u

1. suffix used to form pronouns indicating a person

   ‎omna (“all, every”) + ‎-u → ‎omnu (“everyone”)

Usage notes

As it is used to form pronouns, you cannot use it to create nouns. Instead, to form an agent from an adjective like felica (“happy”), you just make it a noun: felico (“a happy person”).

Derived terms

Категорија Ido terms suffixed with -u није пронађена

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Maltese

Alternative forms

• -h

Etymology

From Арапски ـهُ‎ (-hu).

Suffix

-u m

1. him, it

   ‎qatel (“he killed”) + ‎-u → ‎qatlu (“he killed him”)

Related terms

• hu, huwa

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Maori

Suffix

-u

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession to mean you

See also

Maori personal pronouns

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			au, ahau	māua (exclusive) tāua (inclusive)	mātou (exclusive) tātou (inclusive)
2nd person			koe	kōrua	koutou
3rd person			ia	rāua	rātou

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Northern Sami

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-ō. Cognate with Finnish -o.

Suffix

-u

1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Even u-stem, no gradation
Nominative	-u
Genitive	-u -ọ
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-u	-ut
Accusative	-u	-ūid
Genitive	-u -ọ	-ūid
Illative	-ui	-ūide
Locative	-us	-ūin
Comitative	-ūin	-ūiguin
Essive	-un
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -on -ome -omet 2nd person -ot -ode -odet 3rd person -us -uska -uset

Derived terms

Категорија Northern Sami terms suffixed with -u није пронађена

Etymology 2

Suffix

-u

1. Form of the suffix -i used with verbs in -ut.

Usage notes

This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Inflection

Even u-stem, no gradation
Nominative	-u
Genitive	-u -ọ
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-u	-ut
Accusative	-u	-ūid
Genitive	-u -ọ	-ūid
Illative	-ui	-ūide
Locative	-us	-ūin
Comitative	-ūin	-ūiguin
Essive	-un
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -on -ome -omet 2nd person -ot -ode -odet 3rd person -us -uska -uset

Derived terms

Категорија Northern Sami terms suffixed with -u није пронађена

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Old English

Alternative forms

• -o

Etymology

From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u, -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).

Suffix

-u f

1. ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable

   ‎eald (“old”) + ‎-u → ‎ieldu (“age”)

   ‎hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + ‎-u → ‎hāligu (“holiness”)

   ‎hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + ‎-u → ‎hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)

   ‎hāt (“hot”) + ‎-u → ‎hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)

   ‎mennisc (“human, natural, humane”) + ‎-u → ‎menniscu (“humanity”)

   ‎miċel (“big, large; great”) + ‎-u → ‎miċelu (“greatness, size”)

Declension

Declension of -u (strong ō-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	-u	-a, -e
accusative	-e	-a, -e
genitive	-e	-a
dative	-e	-um

Usage notes

In later Old English, -u became -o and the declension altered to reflect the following paradigm

Declension of -u

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	-o	-o
accusative	-o	-o
genitive	-o	-a
dative	-o	-um

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Old French

Suffix

-u

1. suffixed used to form adjectives (oblique masculine singular) from nouns

Derived terms

• boçu
• foillu

Descendants

• Middle French: -u
  • French: -u