Bethlehem

Takođe pogledajte: Bethléhem

Engleski

Etymology

From Middle English Bethleem, Bedlem, from Old French Bethleem, from Latinski Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Antički Grčki Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrejski בֵּית לֶחֶם‎ (bēṯ léḥem, “house of bread”). Dubleti of bedlam.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛθləhɛm/, /ˈbɛθlihɛm/

• Audio (RP)

  (file)

Proper noun

Bethlehem

1. A city in the West Bank, Palestine, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), imprinted at London: By Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 2:1:

2. A town in Free State, South Africa.

Translations

City

• Afrikaans: Bethlehem
• Aghwan: 𐔱𐔴𐔸𐔾𐔰𐕆𐔴𐕌 (betlahem)
• Albanian: Bethlehem
• Amharic: ቤተልሔም (betälḥem)
• Arabic: بَيْت لَحْم‎ f (bayt laḥm)

  Gulf Arabic: بَيت لَحَم‎ f (bēt laḥam)

• Aramaic: בַּיְתָא לַחְמָא‎ m (bayṯā laḥmā)

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܹܝܬܠܚܸܡ‎ f (betlḳim)

• Armenian: Բեթղեհեմ (Betʿłehem)
• Azerbaijani: Beytləhm
• Basque: Betleem
• Belarusian: Vіfleem (Vifljejem)
• Bengali: বেথেলহাম (bethelham), বাইত লাহাম (bait laham)
• Bislama: Betlehem
• Breton: Bethlehem
• Bulgarian: Vitleem m (Vitleem)
• Catalan: Betlem (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 伯利恆／伯利恒 (baak³ lei⁶ hang⁴), 伯利恒 (baak³ lei⁶ hang⁴), 白冷 (baak⁶ laang⁵) (Catholic)

  Hakka: 伯利恆／伯利恒, 伯利恒 (Pak-li-hèn)

  Mandarin: 伯利恆／伯利恒 (zh) (Bólìhéng), 伯利恒 (zh) (Bólìhéng), 白冷 (Báilěng) (Catholic)

  Min Nan: 伯利恆／伯利恒, 伯利恒 (Pek-lī-hêng), Bia̍t-lé-hèm, 白冷 (Pe̍k-léng) (Catholic)

• Cornish: Bethalem m
• Czech: Betlém (cs) m
• Danish: Betlehem
• Dutch: Bethlehem (nl)
• Esperanto: Bet-Leĥem
• Estonian: Petlemm
• Faroese: Betlehem
• Finnish: Betlehem (fi)
• French: Bethléem (fr) m
• Galician: Belén (gl)
• Georgian: ბეით-ლაჰმი (beit-lahmi), ბეთლემი (betlemi)
• German: Betlehem (de) n
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼 (bēþlaihaim)
• Greek: Βηθλεέμ (el) f (Vithleém)
• Haitian Creole: Bètleyèm
• Hebrew: בֵּית לֶחֶם‎ f (bet lékhem)
• Hindi: बेथलहम (bethalham), बैतलहम m (baitalham)
• Hungarian: Betlehem (hu)
• Icelandic: Betlehem
• Ido: Betlehem (io)
• Indonesian: Betlehem
• Irish: An Bheithil f

  Old Irish: Bethel, Bethelém

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: Betlemme f
• Japanese: ベツレヘム (Betsurehemu), ワィフレエム (Wifureemu) (Orthodox Christianity)
• Karachay-Balkar:
• Kazakh: Betlehem (Betlexem)
• Korean: 베들레헴 (bedeullehem)
• Krymchak: Betlehem
• Latin: Bēthlehēmum n
• Latvian: Bētleme f
• Lithuanian: Betliejus m
• Luxembourgish: Betlehem
• Macedonian: Vitleem m (Vitleem)
• Malay: Baitul Laham, Baitullaham, Betlehem (Christianity)
• Maltese: Betlem
• Manchu: ᠪᡝᡨᠯᡳᠶᡝᠮ, ᠪᡝᡨᠯᡳᠶᡝᠮ
  ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ
• Maore Comorian: Ɓaitilham
• Nogai: Betlehem (Betlexem)
• Norwegian: Betlehem (no)
• Occitan: Bethelèm
• Ossetian: Vifleem (Vifleem)
• Persian: بیت لحم‎ (beyt-e lahm)
• Polish: Betlejem (pl) m
• Portuguese: Belém (pt)
• Romanian: Bethleem
• Russian: Vifleém (ru) m (Viflejém), Beйt-Lehem (ru) m (Bejt-Lexem)(modern Hebrew name)
• Scottish Gaelic: Bethlehem
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Vitlehem m

  Roman: Betlehem (sh) m

• Slovak: Betlehem
• Slovene: Betlehem (sl)
• Spanish: Belén (es) m
• Swahili: Bethlehemu
• Swedish: Betlehem (sv)
• Tagalog: Belen
• Tamil: பெத்லகேம் (petlakēm)
• Thai: เบธเลเฮม (betlehem)
• Turkish: Beytüllahim, Betlehem
• Ukrainian: Vіfleєm (Viflejem)
• Urdu: بیت لحم‎ (bait lahm)
• Uyghur: بېتلېخېم‎ (bëtlëxëm)
• Vietnamese: Belem (biblical)
• Welsh: Bethlehem
• West Frisian: Betlehem
• Yiddish: בית לחם‎ (beys lekhem)

Noun

Bethlehem (plural Bethlehems)

1. (obsolete) A lunatic asylum.
2. (architecture) In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the Eucharist is made.
   • 1869, John Baron, Anglosaxon witness on four alleged requisites for holy communion

     […] to the Hebrew and Arabic word “korban” as now used in the Abyssinian Church to denote the sacramental bread specially prepared in the “Bethlehem,” or “House of Bread.”

   • 1882, William Audsley, ‎George Ashdown Audsley, Popular Dictionary of Architecture and the Allied Arts (page 200)

     A small building, attached to Ethiopic churches, usually at the eastern end of the sacrarium, in which the deacon prepares and bakes the bread for use in the eucharist. This building is called the Bethlehem, or “house of bread.”

   • 2006, Geoffrey Wainwright, ‎Robert Earl Cushman, ‎Karen B. Westerfield Tucker, The Oxford History of Christian Worship (page 143)

     The deacon rings a bell when bread is brought from the bethlehem to the maqdas and at other liturgical times

   • 2014, Bryan D. Spinks, Do this in Remembrance of Me (page 174)

     The priests and deacons assigned to the service wash their feet and hands, usually near the 'Bethlehem'.

Derived terms

• bedlam
• Bethlem

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Dutch

Alternative forms

• Betlehem (superseded)

Etymology

From Latinski Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Antički Grčki Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrejski בֵּית לֶחֶם‎ (bet léchem, “house of bread”).

The hamlet is first attested as Bethlehem in 1502 and is named after a former monastery, which was named in turn after the city in Palestine.

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbɛt.leːˌɦɛm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Beth‧le‧hem

Proper noun

1. Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine).
2. A hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands.

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Nemački

Alternative forms

• Betlehem

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): /ˈbeːt.ləˌhɛm/, /-ˌheːm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Beth‧le‧hem

Proper noun

Bethlehem

1. Bethlehem (a city in Palestine)

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Latinski

Pronunciation

• (Classical) MFA^(ključ): /ˈbeːtʰ.le.hem/, [ˈbeːt̪ʰ.lɛ.hɛ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) MFA^(ključ): /ˈbet.le.em/, [ˈbɛt̪.lɛ.ɛm]

Proper noun

Bethlehem

1. Alternative form of Bēthlehēmum

References

• “Bēthlĕhem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Bethlehem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

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Middle English

Proper noun

Bethlehem

1. Alternative form of Bethleem