だ

Takođe pogledajte: た i Dodatak:Varijante od "da"

だ U+3060, だ HIRAGANA LETTER DA Composition: た [U+305F] + ◌゙ [U+3099] ← た [U+305F] Hiragana ち → [U+3061]

Japanski

Redosled pisanja

Pronunciation

• MFA^(ključ): [da̠]

Etymology 1

hiragana karakter た (ta) sa dakuten (゛).

Syllable

1. The hiragana syllable だ (da). Its equivalent in katakana is ダ (da).

See also

• (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ

Etymology 2

• Forms beginning with だ or で: From the particle で (de) or である (de aru). The lemma form だ itself is a contraction of であ, clipping of である (de aru).
• Forms beginning with な: From classical Japanese なる (naru), whence Modern Japanese な (na, na-inflection ending).

Verb

1. Following parts of speech that do not inflect by themselves, including nouns, na-adjectives, adverbs and postpositional phrases.
   1. to be

   2. should; be obliged to; ought to

2. Some forms also follow inflectable words.
   1. です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.

   2. だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.

3. Not following any words, but used before some conjunctives or in some inflected forms, to represent the aforementioned statement.

Usage notes

• だ is the only commonly used modern Japanese verb with the terminal form (終止形) distinct from the attributive form (連体形). As relative clauses in Japanese are syntactically equivalent to attributives, relative clauses must end in the attributive form. Thus だ, as a terminal form, cannot appear at the end of a relative clause. The following forms are used instead of だ in such places:

• Use の after nouns, adverbs or prepositional phrases. But use な before the nominalizer の.

• Use な after a na-adjective.

• Alternatively, である can be used when following nouns and denoting the meaning "to be".

• This word is phonologically an enclitic, similar to particles. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.

Synonyms

• である (de aru)
• や (ya) (Kansai dialect)
• じゃ (ja) (Some western dialects. Also used in archaic speech in fictional characters or as slang)
• じゃい (jai) (dialect or slang)

See also

• です (desu) (polite)
• ございます (gozaimasu) (humble)