三十

Kineski

		three	ten
jedn. and trad. (三十)		三	十

**Kineski cardinal brojevi**
< 29	30	31 >
Cardinal : 三十 (sānshí)

Pronunciation

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Numeral

三十

thirty; 30
我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。 [MSC, trad.]
我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn. [Pinyin]
I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

卅
(Cantonese, colloquial) 卅呀

Derived terms

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三十):

→ Japanski: 三十(さんじゅう) (sanjū)
→ Korejski: 삼십(三十) (samsip)

Japanese

**Japanski cardinal brojevi**
< 29	30	31 >
Cardinal : 三十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
三	十
さん Stepen: 1	じゅう Stepen: 1
on'yomi

*/sanzipu/ → /sanʑifu/ → /sanʑiu/ → /sand͡ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese 三十. Analyzable as 三 (san, “three”) + 十 (jū, “ten”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

三(さん)十(じゅう) (sanjū) ^{←さんじふ (sanzifu)^?}

thirty

Derived terms

うかうか三十きょろきょろ四十

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
三	十
み Stepen: 1	そ Stepen: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi₁so₁⟩ → /miso/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三 (mi, “three”) +‎ 十 (so, “ten”).^[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

三(み)十(そ) (miso)

thirty

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
三	十
Stepen: 1	Stepen: 1
irregular

/mi so ti/ → /misot͡ɕi/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三十 (miso, “thirty”) +‎ 路 (chi, “road”), where the road sense of 路 (chi) is used metaphorically as a unit of time, usually expressing a sense of day, but also sometimes used to mean year.^[1]

This reading is obsolete, and has been superseded by misoji below.

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

三十路

Noun

三十(みそち) (misochi)

(obsolete) thirty
(obsolete) thirty years of age

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
三	十
Stepen: 1	Stepen: 1
irregular

Shift from earlier misochi (see above).^[2] The -chi changes to -ji as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

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Alternative forms

三十路

Noun

三十(みそじ) (misoji) ^{←みそぢ (misodi)^?}

(uncommon) thirty
(uncommon) thirty years of age

References

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanski), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9