北京

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Кинески

		north	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
трад. (北京)		北	京
једн. #(北京)		北	京
Literally: “northern capital”.

Proper noun

北京

2. (～市)

   中國的首都是北京。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国的首都是北京。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng. [Pinyin]

   The capital of China is Beijing.

   北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。 [MSC, trad.]
   北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。 [MSC, simp.]

   Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng. [Pinyin]

   Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.

   原諒我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, trad.]
   原谅我不能陪你去北京。 [MSC, simp.]

   Yuánliàng wǒ bù néng péi nǐ qù Běijīng. [Pinyin]

   Forgive me for not being able to go with you to Beijing.

   • 這話本也出在本朝宣德年間，有一老者，姓劉，名德，家佐河西務鎮上。這鎮在運河之旁，離北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     这话本也出在本朝宣德年间，有一老者，姓刘，名德，家佐河西务镇上。这镇在运河之旁，离北京有二百里田地，乃各省出入京都的要路。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE

     Zhè huàběn yě chū zài běncháo Xuāndé nián jiān, yǒu yī lǎozhě, xìng Liú, míng Dé, jiā zuǒ Héxīwù zhèn shàng. Zhè zhèn zài yùnhé zhī páng, lí běijīng yǒu èrbǎi lǐ tiándì, nǎi gè shěng chūrù jīngdōu de yàolù. [Pinyin]

     This story took place during the Xuande era of the current dynasty. There was an elderly man named Liu De who resided in Hexiwu town. This town is located beside the canal, about 200 lis away from Peking, and serves as a crucial route for people traveling to and from the capital from various provinces.

   Синоними: 北平 (historical), 燕京 (historical)

3. (metonymically) Beijing (the government of the People's Republic of China)
4. (historical) northern capital
   1. [5th c. CE] Jiankang (capital of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Nanjing, Jiangsu province
   2. [5th c. CE] Jingkou (birthplace of Liu Song dynasty)—in modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province
   3. [5th c. CE] Pingcheng (capital of Northern Wei dynasty)—in modern-day Datong, Shanxi province
   4. [8th] Taiyuan Fu (birthplace of Tang dynasty and many subsequent states)—in modern-day Taiyuan, Shanxi province
   5. [11th c. CE] Daming Fu (visited by Emperor Zhenzong)—in modern-day Handan, Hebei province
   6. [12th c. CE] Shangjing Linhuang Fu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Chifeng, Inner Mongolia
   7. [12th c. CE] Zhongdu (one of the capitals of Jin dynasty)—in modern-day Beijing
   8. [14th c. CE] Kaifeng Fu (Ming dynasty)—in modern-day Kaifeng, Henan province

Usage notes

• Modern sense since 15^th century (capital of Ming, Qing, ROC formerly and now PRC)
• The name was chosen by the Yongle Emperor to distinguish the city from 南京 (“Nanjing; southern capital”).

Synonyms

• (Beijing): (historical) 北平, (literary, or ironic, humorous) 帝都, (historical, archaic) 燕京

Derived terms

• 北京填鴨／北京填鸭
• 北京時間／北京时间
• 北京條約／北京条约
• 北京烤鴨／北京烤鸭
• 北京話／北京话
• 北京鴨／北京鸭
• 北京人
• 北京猿人
• 北京路
• 北京狗
• 北京雨燕

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (北京):

• → Јапански: 北京(ほっきょう) (Hokkyō)
• → Корејски: 북경(北京) (Bukgyeong)
• → Вијетнамски: Bắc Kinh (北京)

Others:

• → Amis: Piking
• → Арапски: بِكِين (bikīn)
• → Asturian: Beijing
• → Белоруски: Пекі́н (Pjekín)
• → Bengali: বেইজিং (beijing)
• → Bouyei: Bagtjingl
• → Burmese: ပေကျင်း (pe-kyang:), ပီကင်း (pikang:)
• → Каталонски: Pequín
• → Чешки: Peking
• → Дански: Beijing, Peking
• → Холандски: Peking
• → Енглески: Beijing, Peking, Pei-ching
• → Француски: Pékin
• → Фински: Peking, Beijing
• → Georgian: პეკინი (ṗeḳini)
• → Немачки: Peking
• → Грчки: Πεκίνο (Pekíno)
• → Хебрејски: בייג׳ינג (beijing)
• → Хинди: बेजिंग (bejiṅg)
• → Hlai: Bhakgengs
• → Мађарски: Peking
• → Италијански: Pechino
• → Јапански: 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin)
• → Kazakh: Бейжің (Beijıñ)
• → Khmer: ប៉េកាំង (peekang)
• → Корејски: 베이징 (Beijing)
• → Lao: ປັກກິງ (pak king)
• → Латински: Pechinum
• → Latvian: Pekina
• → Lithuanian: Pekinas
• → Lü: ᦵᦗᦲᧉᦋᦲᧃᧈ (peii²tsiin¹)
• → Македонски: Пекинг (Peking)
• → Manchu: ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ
• → Монголски: Бээжин (Beežin) / ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ (begeǰiŋ)
• → Непали: बेइजिङ (beijiṅa)
• → Nuosu: ꀙꏢ (bip ji)
• → Persian: پکن (pekan)
• → Пољски: Pekin
• → Португалски: Pequim
• → Румунски: Beijing, Pekin
• → Руски: Пеки́н (Pekín)
  • → Јерменски: Պեկին (Pekin)
• → Српскохрватски: Пѐкинг / Pèking, Бејџинг / Bejdžing
• → Словенски: Peking
• → Шпански: Pekín, Pequín
• → Шведски: Peking, Beijing
• → Telugu: బీజింగ్ (bījiṅg)
• → Тајски: ปักกิ่ง
• → Tibetan: པེ་ཅིན (pe cin), པེ་ཅིང (pe cing)
• → Urdu: بیجنگ (bējiṅg)
• → Uyghur: بېيجىڭ (bëyjing)
• → Zhuang: Baekging

See also

• Other capitals in the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China: 南京 — 洛陽／洛阳 — 西安
• Other directions: 南京 (“southern capital”) — 東京／东京 (Dōngjīng, “eastern capital”) — 西京 (“western capital”)

Јапански

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
北	京
ぺ Степен: 2	きん Степен: 2
tōon

Позајмљено од Енглески Peking, from the Nanjing court dialect Мандарин 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare Португалски Pequim, Шпански Pekín, Холандски Peking, Енглески Peking, Француски Pékin, Немачки Peking, Руски Пекин (Pekin).

Pronunciation

• () ペキン [péꜜkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• МФА^(кључ): [pe̞kʲĩɴ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

北京(ペキン) (Pekin) 

See also

• 北(ペ)京(キン)語(ご) (Pekin-go)
• 北(ペ)京(キン)人(じん) (Pekin-jin)
• 北(ペ)京(キン)ダック (Pekin dakku)
• ペキニーズ (Pekinīzu)
• 南(なん)京(きん) (Nankin)
• トンキン (Tonkin)
• 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
北	京
ほく > ほっ Степен: 2	きょう Степен: 2
on'yomi

Compound of 北(ほく) (hoku, “north”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”). Attested from the 13th century.

Pronunciation

• () ほっきょー [hòkkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• МФА^(кључ): [ho̞k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

Proper noun

北(ほっ)京(きょう) (Hokkyō) ^{←ほくきやう (fokukyau)?}

1. (history) Kyoto the "Northern Capital", as opposed to Nara the "Southern Capital"

Корејски

Hanja in this term
北	京

Proper noun

北京 (bukgyeong) (hangeul 북경)

1. Hanja form^? of 북경 (“Beijing”).

Вијетнамски

Hán tự in this word
北	京

Proper noun

北京

1. chữ Hán form of Bắc Kinh (“Beijing”).