土

Takođe pogledajte: 士, 圡, 𡈽, i ±

土 U+571F, 土 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-571F ← 圞 [U+571E] CJK jedinstveni ideogrami 圠 → [U+5720]

⼟ U+2F1F, ⼟ KANGXI RADICAL EARTH ← ⼞ [U+2F1E] Kandži radikali ⼠ → [U+2F20]

međunarodno

Redosled pisanja

Redosled pisanja

Han karakteri

土 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 土 (G), četiri-ugla 4010₀, composition ⿱十一)

1. Kangci radikal #32, ⼟.

Izvedeni karakteri

• Dodatak:Kineski radikal/土
• 𫡢, 吐, 𡚳, 𢎳, 𢓂, 𪫞, 扗, 汢, 肚, 杜, 𣧅, 灶, 牡, 𤣰, 社, 𨑒, 𥃾, 𥝟, 𬡃, 𫊥, 䝅, 𧺔, 𮛄, 𨑡, 𪶇, 釷(钍), 靯, 𩡶, 𩵚(𬶂), 𪐢, 切, 𡉗, 𨙭, 𤬪, 壻, 䲧, 䵺
• 凷, 𫧀, 𫲵, 尘, 庄, 𢨫, 芏, 𬻁, 至, 𣂓, 𭎊, 𦉷, 𥤧, 𭯼, 㽵, 茔, 里, 𥫦, 𮓛, 𦯀, 䦌(𮤬), 𫕞, 𭎭, 𣵹, 𤥷, 𡴠, 𩫽, 烾, 𤍢, 𪔋, 墨, 皨, 䜃, 㦱, 𧗥, 㐋, 去, 𠮷, 𡕟, 寺, 𢖽, 𭟯, 𣏅, 灻, 𣏄, 赤, 走, 赱, 幸, 𥸮, 𫅢, 𮤇, 𪔄, 𪔌

Reference

• KangXi: page 223, karakter 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 4867
• Dae Jaweon: strana 453, karakter 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 1, strana 415, karakter 1
• Unihan data za U+571F

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Kineski

jedn. and trad.		土
alternativne forme		士 圡 𡈽

Poreklo glifa

Istorijski oblici karaktera 土
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (土) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Stari Kineski
社
肚
土
吐
芏
杜
靯
荰

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) : a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel.

Etimologija 1

There is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably related to 社 (“god of soil; altar to god of soil”).

Izgovor

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinjin): tǔ (tu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): tu³

  (Dungan, Ćirilica and Wiktionary): tў (II)

• Kantonski

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): tou²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hu²

• Gan (Vikirečnik): tu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tu³

• Jin (Wiktionary): tu²
• Min Bei (KCR): tǔ
• Min Dong (BUC): tù
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tou² / dou⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): thu (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): tou³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinjin: tǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǔ
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu3
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tu
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰu⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ćirilica and Vikirečnik: tў (II)
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰuː⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Kantonski
  • (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou²
    • Yale: tóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou²
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰou̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Vikirečnik: hu²
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: tu³
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thú
    • Hakka Romanization System: tu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tu³
    • IPA: /tʰu³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tu³
    • IPA: /tʰu³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Vikirečnik: tu²
    • Sinological MFA (old-style): /tʰxu⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tǔ
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰu²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thó͘
    • Tâi-lô: thóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tor
    • MFA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
    • MFA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tʰɔ⁵³/
    • MFA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tou² / dou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thóu / tŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou⁵²/, /tou³⁵/

Nota: dou6 - “ground, dust”.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: thu (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰv̩ʷ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: tou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰəu⁴¹/

Definicije

土

1. earth; soil

   土堆  ―  tǔduī  ―  mound; hillock

   這兒的土夠肥的。／这儿的土够肥的。  ―  Zhèr de tǔ gòu féi de.  ―  The soil here is quite fertile.

2. (dialectal) dust
3. land

   國土／国土  ―  guótǔ  ―  territory

   寸土不讓／寸土不让  ―  cùntǔbùràng  ―  to not give up a single inch of one's territory

   • 溥天之下，莫非王土。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Pǔtiān zhī xià, mòfēi wángtǔ. [Pinyin]

     Under the wide heaven,
     All is the king's land.

4. (literary, or in compounds) crude opium

   煙土／烟土  ―  yāntǔ  ―  crude opium

5. (literary, or in compounds) hometown; native place

   故土  ―  gùtǔ  ―  native land; native place

6. (literary, or in compounds) local; native; indigenous

   土著  ―  tǔzhù  ―  aboriginal

   土話／土话  ―  tǔhuà  ―  local dialect

7. rustic; unsophisticated; uncouth; vulgar; tasteless; uncultured

   我覺得東北話實在太土了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我觉得东北话实在太土了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ juéde dōngběihuà shízài tài tǔ le. [Pinyin]

   I think that Northeastern Mandarin is too rustic.

8. (literary, or in compounds) indigenous; traditional and used by the common people

   土法  ―  tǔfǎ  ―  traditional method used by the common people; indigenous method

   土槍／土枪  ―  tǔ qiāng  ―  gun manufactured using indigenous methods

9. (～族) the Tu ethnic group; Monguor people; White Mongol
10. Short for 土耳其 (“Turkey”).

    俄土戰爭／俄土战争  ―  É Tǔ zhànzhēng  ―  Russo-Turkish War

11. A prezime​..

Sinonimi

• n

• The dial-syn page 「土」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!
• n

• The dial-syn page 「灰塵」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!
• n 土地
• n

Antonimi

• n 洋

Jedinjenja

Izvedeni termini od 土

• 三合土
• 三和土
• 五峰土家族自治縣／五峰土家族自治县
• 冥土
• 北美土撥鼠／北美土拨鼠
• 后土
• 土人
• 土俗
• 土偶
• 土包子
• 土匪
• 土名
• 土器
• 土國／土国
• 土地
• 土地廟／土地庙
• 土地改革
• 土坎
• 土坎兒／土坎儿
• 土坡
• 土坡兒／土坡儿
• 土坯
• 土埂
• 土城
• 土城垸
• 土塊／土块
• 土壘／土垒
• 土壤
• 土壩／土坝
• 土家族
• 土專家／土专家
• 土屄
• 土崗／土岗
• 土崩瓦解
• 土巴佬
• 土布
• 土庫曼／土库曼
• 土庫曼斯坦／土库曼斯坦
• 土建
• 土得掉渣
• 土性
• 土房
• 土撥鼠／土拨鼠
• 土撥鼠日／土拨鼠日
• 土改
• 土政策
• 土方

• 土方兒／土方儿
• 土族
• 土星
• 土木
• 土木之變／土木之变
• 土木堡
• 土木工程
• 土木形骸
• 土模
• 土氣／土气
• 土法
• 土洋結合／土洋结合
• 土溫／土温
• 土澳
• 土牆／土墙
• 土牛木馬／土牛木马
• 土牢
• 土物
• 土特產／土特产
• 土生土長／土生土长
• 土產／土产
• 土疙瘩
• 土皇帝
• 土石方
• 土笛
• 土糞／土粪
• 土紙／土纸
• 土老帽
• 土老帽兒／土老帽儿
• 土老財／土老财
• 土耳其
• 土耳其人
• 土耳其文
• 土耳其語／土耳其语
• 土肥
• 土腥氣／土腥气
• 土色
• 土著
• 土葬
• 土裡土氣／土里土气
• 土話／土话
• 土語／土语
• 土豆
• 土豆兒／土豆儿
• 土豆泥
• 土豪

• 土財主／土财主
• 土貨／土货
• 土質／土质
• 土造
• 土道
• 土門／土门
• 土關埡／土关垭
• 土階茅茨／土阶茅茨
• 土雞／土鸡
• 土雞國／土鸡国
• 土雞蛋／土鸡蛋
• 土霸王
• 土音
• 土頭土腦／土头土脑
• 土鱉／土鳖
• 土黃／土黄
• 塵土／尘土
• 塵歸塵，土歸土／尘归尘，土归土
• 恩施土家族苗族自治州
• 挖土機／挖土机
• 掘土機／掘土机
• 推土機／推土机
• 故土
• 故土難離／故土难离
• 日土
• 有土栽培
• 本土
• 樂土／乐土
• 水土
• 水土不伏
• 水土不服
• 水土保持
• 水土流失
• 沃土
• 泥土
• 淨土／净土
• 混凝土
• 無土栽培／无土栽培
• 紅土／红土
• 老土
• 脾土 (pî-thó͘) (Min Nan)
• 赤土
• 鏟土機／铲土机
• 陶土
• 黃土崗／黄土岗
• 黏土

Etimologija 2

Izgovor

• Mandarin

  (Pinjin): dù (du⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinjin: dù
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dù
    • Wade–Giles: tu4
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tu⁵¹/

Definicija

土

1. ^† Alternative form of 杜 (“root”).

   • 迨天之未陰雨、徹彼桑土、綢繆牖戶。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     迨天之未阴雨、彻彼桑土、绸缪牖户。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Dài tiān zhī wèi yīnyǔ, chè bǐ sāngdù, chóumóu yǒuhù. [Pinyin]

     Before the sky was dark with rain,
     I gathered the roots of the mulberry tree,
     And bound round and round my window and door.

2. ^† An ancient river

Etimologija 3

Izgovor

• Mandarin

  (Pinjin): chǎ (cha³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinjin: chǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaa
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǎ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻa3
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä²¹⁴/

Definicije

土

1. ^† Only used in 土苴.

Etimologija 4

Izgovor

• Mandarin

  (Pinjin): tú (tu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinjin: tú
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tú
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu2
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /tʰu³⁵/

Definicije

土

1. Only used in 土門／土门 (Túmén).

Etimologija 5

Za izgovor i definicije od 土 – vidi 士. (Ovaj character, 土, je jednostavni oblik od 士.)

Reference

• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00740
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00831-001
• “Entry #192”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanski

Kanji

Readings

• Go-on: つ (tsu)
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ど (do, Jōyō)
• Kun: つち (tsuchi, 土, Jōyō)
• Nanori: ひじ (hiji)

Compounds

Compounds

• 土(ど)柱(ちゅう) (dochū)
• 土曜日(どようび) (doyōbi)
• 苦土(くど) (kudo)
• 土地(とち) (tochi)
• 陶(とう)土(ど) (tōdo)
• 土産(みやげ) (miyage)
• 土竜(もぐら) (mogura)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
土
つち Stepen: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
地

From Old Japanese.

Noun

土(つち) (tsuchi) 

1. earth, soil, mud
2. the ground

Derived terms

• 土(つち)狼(おおかみ) (tsuchiōkami)
• 土豚(つちぶた) (tsuchibuta)
• 真(ま)土(つち) (matsuchi)

Idioms

• 土(つち)を踏(ふ)む (tsuchi o fumu, “tread on the ground → enter a foreign country”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
土
と Stepen: 1
kan’on

Proper noun

土(と) (To) 

1. Short for 土耳古 (Toruko): Turkey

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
土
ど Stepen: 1
kan’yōon

Noun

土(ど) (do) 

1. Short for 土曜日 (doyōbi): Saturday

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Korejski

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 土.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	통〯 (Yale: thwǒ)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	ᄒᆞᆰ (Yale: hòlk)	토〮 (Yale: thwó)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [토]

Hanja

Wikisource

1. Hanja form^? of 토 (“earth; soil”).
2. Hanja form^? of 토 (“Short for 토요일(土曜日) (toyoil, “Saturday”).”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 국토 (國土, gukto, “national territory”)
• 본토 (本土, bonto)
• 영토 (領土, yeongto, “territory”)
• 척토 (瘠土, cheokto, “barren soil”)
• 토기 (土器, togi, “earthenware”)
• 토대 (土臺, todae)
• 토성 (土星, Toseong, “Saturn”)
• 토양 (土壤, toyang)
• 토요일 (土曜日, Toyoil)
• 토종 (土種, tojong, “native species”)
• 토지 (土地, toji)
• 풍토 (風土, pungto)
• 향토 (鄕土, hyangto, “local; rural”)
• 황토 (黃土, hwangto)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vijetnamski

Han character

土: Hán Việt readings: thổ-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn (他(tha)魯(lỗ)切(thiết))
土: Nôm readings: thổ-tdcndg;tdcntd;taberd, độ-tdcntd, thuở-tdcntd

1. Hán tự form of thổ, “earth; soil; land”

Compounds

• 土地 (thổ địa)
• 土語 (thổ ngữ)