川

Takođe pogledajte: 州, 巛, i 𫶧

川 U+5DDD, 川 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DDD ← 巜 [U+5DDC] CJK jedinstveni ideogrami 州 → [U+5DDE]

međunarodno

Han character

Redosled pisanja

Redosled pisanja

川 (Kangxi radical 47, 巛+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 中中中 (LLL), četiri-ugla 2200₀, composition ⿲丿丨丨)

Derived characters

• 𠆯, 𠯀, 圳, 汌, 𦘶, 杊, 𤆑, 㸪, 玔, 甽, 𥃹, 𥐣, 紃(𬘓), 𧈶, 𡔠, 訓(训), 𮙰, 䡅, 𫶨, 𪩢, 釧(钏), 馴(驯), 𩵙, 𩾧, 𦤸, 順(顺), 𡵅, 𡿫, 𪯠, 𣅕, 氚, 𫇨, 𤽃, 𥫨, 𥄊, 𥬂, 𪡢, 𩭁, 𨤅

Descendants

• つ (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
• ツ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References

• KangXi: page 323, karakter 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 8673
• Dae Jaweon: strana 624, karakter 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 1, strana 32, karakter 2
• Unihan data za U+5DDD

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Kineski

jedn. and trad.		川
alternativne forme		巛

Glyph origin

Istorijski oblici karaktera 川
Shang	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (川) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Stari Kineski
川
釧
巛
巡
馴
紃
甽
順
訓

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – compare 水.

Etymology

The Middle and Old Chinese reconstruction of this word is phonologically problematic (STEDT):

• Karlgren (1957) notes that the Middle Chinese form is irregular based on evidence from Shijing rimes.
• Based on velar contacts in the same phonetic series, e.g. 巛, 甽 and 訓, Baxter (1992) and Schuessler (2007) reconstruct the word with a velar initial (Handel, 1998; Sagart, 1999), which undergoes irregular palatalization in the development to Middle Chinese (Baxter, 1992).
• Based on other characters in the same phonetic series, e.g. 順 and 馴, Sagart (1999), and later, Baxter and Sagart (2014), reconstructs 川 with a lateral initial and suggests that only a *t- prefix would account for the Middle Chinese initial /t͡ɕʰ/.

Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; valley”), whence 江 (“river”), 谷 (“valley”), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung, “river”), Burmese ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream”). STEDT notes that this does not account for the *-n coda.

STEDT instead compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; liquid; river; soak; spit”), whence 涕 (“tears”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuj (“water; fluid; liquid”), Chepang तीः (“water; rain; river”); this depends on a reconstruction with a dental initial and requires positing an *‑n suffix not present in Tibeto-Burman languages.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinjin): chuān (chuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄢ

  (Chengdu, SP): cuan¹

  (Dungan, Ćirilica and Wiktionary): čүan (I)

• Kantonski

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): cyun¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cun¹

• Gan (Vikirečnik): con¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): con¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): cuan¹
• Min Bei (KCR): chṳ́ing
• Min Dong (BUC): chuŏng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhoan / chhng / chhuiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cuang¹ / cuêng¹ / ceng¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): tshoe (T1)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): qyenn¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinjin: chuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄢ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuan
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuan
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuan1
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwän⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cuan¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuan
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡sʰuan⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ćirilica and Vikirečnik: čүan (I)
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Kantonski
  • (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyun¹
    • Yale: chyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun¹
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Vikirečnik: cun¹
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡sʰun³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: con¹
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: con´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: con¹
    • IPA: /t͡sʰon²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: con¹
    • IPA: /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Vikirečnik: cuan¹
    • Sinological MFA (old-style): /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳ́ing
    • Sinological MFA ^(key): /t͡sʰyiŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chuŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoan
    • Tâi-lô: tshuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoafn
    • MFA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • MFA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng
    • Tâi-lô: tshng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf
    • MFA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
    • MFA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhuiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshuinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvuy
    • MFA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

Nota:

• chhoan - literary;
• chhng/chhuiⁿ - vernacular (only used in 尻川).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: cuang¹ / cuêng¹ / ceng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuang / tshueng / tshṳng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ³³/, /t͡sʰueŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

Nota:

• cuang1/cuêng1 - literary (cuêng1 - Chaozhou);
• ceng1 - vernacular (only used in 尻川).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: tshoe (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰø⁵³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: qyenn¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyẽ³³/

Definitions

川

1. river; stream; brook

   川流不息  ―  chuānliúbùxī  ―  to flow continuously

2. Short for 四川 (“Sichuan Province, China”).

   川菜  ―  chuāncài  ―  Sichuan cuisine

3. plain

   平川  ―  píngchuān  ―  plain

4. road
5. Synonym of 汆 (“to boil food for a short time in boiled water”).
6. Alternative form of 穿.
7. (Internet slang) Short for 川普 (“Donald Trump”).

   挺川  ―  tǐngchuān  ―  to support Donald Trump

   川粉  ―  chuānfěn  ―  Trumpster

8. A prezime​..

See also

• 河
• 江 (jiāng)
• 溪

Compounds

Izvedeni termini od 川

• 一馬平川／一马平川
• 三川
• 中川
• 伊川
• 信濃川／信浓川
• 八水三川
• 冰川
• 利川
• 名山大川
• 吳川／吴川
• 四川
• 均川
• 大川
• 大金川
• 大陸冰川／大陆冰川
• 婺川
• 小川
• 山川
• 川劇／川剧
• 川后
• 川土
• 川堂
• 川崎
• 川崎症
• 川底下
• 川店
• 川柳

• 川椒
• 川流
• 川流不息
• 川渟嶽峙／川渟岳峙
• 川澤／川泽
• 川澤納汙／川泽纳污
• 川瀆／川渎
• 川穀／川谷
• 川芎
• 川貝／川贝
• 川費／川费
• 川資／川资
• 川軍／川军
• 川連／川连
• 川陸／川陆
• 川鹽／川盐
• 巨川
• 常川
• 平川
• 德川
• 梅川
• 汶川
• 河川
• 河川襲奪／河川袭夺
• 流血成川
• 淅川
• 漢川／汉川

• 潁川／颍川
• 百川
• 百川學海／百川学海
• 百川歸海／百川归海
• 盤川／盘川
• 眠川
• 眾川赴海／众川赴海
• 秦川
• 秦川女
• 臨川羨魚／临川羡鱼
• 芥川賞／芥川赏
• 荊川集／荆川集
• 跋山涉川
• 跋涉山川
• 輞川／辋川
• 逝川
• 邢川
• 金川
• 銀川／银川
• 鎮川／镇川
• 長川／长川
• 防川
• 陸川／陆川
• 雲貴川／云贵川
• 靈川／灵川
• 麓川

References

• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

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Japanski

Kanji

1. river

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
• Kun: かわ (kawa, 川, Jōyō)^{←かは (kafa, 川, historical)}
• Nanori: か (ka); こ (ko); さわ (sawa)

Compounds

Compounds

• 川(かわ)上(かみ) (kawakami, “upstream”)
• 川(かわ)下(しも) (kawashimo, “downstream”)
• 川(かわ)岸(ぎし) (kawagishi, “river bank”)
• 川(かわ)口(ぐち) (kawaguchi, “mouth of river”)
• 川(かわ)崎(さき) (Kawasaki, “Kawasaki”)
• 川(かわ)瀬(せ) (kawase, “rapids”)
• 川(かわ)蝉(せみ) (kawasemi, “kingfisher”)
• 川(かわ)端(ばた) (kawabata, “riverbank”)
• 川(かわ)縁(ぶち) (kawabuchi), 川(かわ)縁(べり) (kawaberi, “riverside”)

• 川(かわ)獺(うそ) (kawauso, “otter”)
• 川(かわ)嫁(よめ) (kawayome, “river nymph”)
• 川(かわ)原(ら) (kawara, “riparian plain, flats alongside a river”)
• 川(せん)柳(りゅう) (senryū, “comic haiku”)
• 小(お)川(がわ) (ogawa, “brook”)
• 河(か)川(せん) (kasen, “rivers”)
• 山(さん)川(せん) (sansen, “mountains and rivers”)
• 滝(たき)川(がわ) (takigawa, “rapids”)
• 谷(たに)川(がわ) (tanigawa, “mountain stream”)

• 堀(ほり)川(かわ) (horikawa, “canal”)
• 淀(よど)川(がわ) (Yodogawa, “Yodogawa River”)
• 川(かわ)下(くだ)り (kawakudari, “going downstream”)
• 川(かわ)沿(ぞ)い (kawazoi, “along the river”)
• ドン川(がわ) (Don-gawa, “Don River”)
• 天(あま)の川(がわ) (Ama no gawa, “Milky Way”)
• 江(え)戸(ど)川(がわ) (Edogawa, “Edo River”)
• 角(かど)川(かわ) (Kadokawa, “surname”)
• 河(か)川(せん)敷(しき) (kasenshiki, “riverbed”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
川
かわ Stepen: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
河

From Old Japanese kapa from Proto-Japonic *kapa

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かわ​ [kàwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• MFA^(ključ): [ka̠ɰᵝa̠]

• (Kagoshima) MFA^(ključ): [ko̞ː]

Noun

川(かわ) (kawa) ^{←かは (kafa)?}

1. river, stream, brook

Synonyms

• 河(か)川(せん) (kasen)

Alternative forms

• 河

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Korejski

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 川.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄎᆑᆫ (Yale: chyyèn)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	내〯 (Yale: nǎy)	쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]
• Phonetic hangul: [천]

Hanja

Wikisource

1. Hanja form^? of 천 (“river; stream”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 산천 (山川, sancheon)
• 인천 (仁川, Incheon)
• 천렵 (川獵, cheollyeop)
• 하천 (河川, hacheon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

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Vijetnamski

Han character

1. Ovaj izraz zahteva definiciju. Molim vas pomozite i dodajte prevod, zatim uklonite tekst {{rfdef}}.

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川 (kineski)

Objašnjenje.

Izgovor:

pinjin: transkripcija  

Audio:

noicon

(datoteka)

Radikal:

巛 047

Značenja:

1. ⿲丿丨丨

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