水

Такође погледајте: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, 永, и 氵

水 U+6C34, 水 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34 ← 氳 [U+6C33] ЦЈК јединствени идеограми 氵 → [U+6C35]

⽔ U+2F54, ⽔ KANGXI RADICAL WATER ← ⽓ [U+2F53] Канџи радикали ⽕ → [U+2F55]

међународно

Редослед писања

Редослед писања

Alternative forms

• 氵 (when used as a left radical)
• 氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)

Han character

水 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), четири-угла 1223₀, composition ⿰𰛄⿺㇏丿(GJKV) or ⿰㇇𰛅(GJKV) or ⿰𰛄⿱丿㇏(HT))

2. Кангци радикал #85, ⽔.

Derived characters

• Додатак:Кинески радикал/水
• 冰, 𪢿, 𫰖, 㝽, 𡵰, 𢗷, 𤝎, 阥, 𨑾, 𪱹, 㲑, 𤆩, 𤕯, 𡯑, 𬍖, 𦙙, 𤱄, 砅, 𧦋, 𧺵, 𫒎, 𩖱, 𬵆, 𣍤, 𩾼
• 氽, 𠕽, 𡉺, 尿, 𢇤, 𦬭, 𭥚, 𣏶, 𭻅, 㽷, 泵, 𥝸, 𥤼, 𥫸, 𨋈, 𨠊, 㞙, 𩂍, 𤦗, 𦷸, 𠪥, 𥴠, 𢦹, 閖
• 呇, 坔, 𢗨, 𤆲, 畓, 𭖜, 𧥿, 𨋉, 𨠆, 𨥗, 𭪳, 𬠤, 凼, 囦, 䠌, 潁(颍), 頮(颒), 𤸄

References

• KangXi: page 603, карактер 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 17083
• Dae Jaweon: страна 992, карактер 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 3, страна 1545, карактер 1
• Unihan data за U+6C34

Further reading

• 水 на Wikidata.Wikidata

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Central Bai

Noun

水 (xuix)

1. hanzi form of xuix
   • 1450, Yang Fu (楊黼), 《詞記山花——咏蒼洱境》:

     煴煊茶水㱔呼𪢂

     Boiling tea water, greeting each other.

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Кинески

једн. and трад.		水
алтернативне форме		𡿭 𣸕

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 水
Shang	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
沝
水

Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).

Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).

Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).

Alternatively, Gong (1995) reconstructs Old Chinese *hljədx and compares it to Тибетански ཆུ (chu, “water”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju (“water; liquid; bodily fluid”). Baxter and Sagart (2014), employing evidence from Proto-Min, reconstructs Old Chinese *s.turʔ and compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *twəj (“to flow; to suppurate”), which is likely related to *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; to soak; to be wet”) (STEDT). Like Gong (1995), Sagart (2017) compares it to Тибетански ཆུ (chu), but he also compares it to Bodo (India) दै, Mizo tui, Proto-Karen *thejᴬ, all of which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s. Handel deems derivations from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsju or *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s unlikely because of phonological issues (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Мандарин

  (Стандард)

  (Пинјин): shuǐ (shui³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄟˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): sui³

  (Dungan, Ћирилица and Wiktionary): фи (II)

• Кантонски

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): seoi²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sui²

• Ган (Викиречник): sui³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): súi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sui³

• Jin (Wiktionary): sui²
• Min Bei (KCR): sṳ̌
• Min Dong (BUC): cūi / cṳ̄
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chúi / súi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zui²

• Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T2)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xyei³

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• Мандарин
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Пинјин: shuǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shuěi
    • Wade–Giles: shui3
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /ʂweɪ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sui³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sui
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /suei⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Ћирилица and Викиречник: фи (II)
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /fiː⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Кантонски
  • (Стандард Кантонски, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: seoi²
    • Yale: séui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /sɵy̯³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Викиречник: sui²
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /sui⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sui³
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /sui²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: súi
    • Hakka Romanization System: sui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sui³
    • IPA: /su̯i³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sui³
    • IPA: /suɪ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Викиречник: sui²
    • Sinological МФА (old-style): /suei⁵³/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̌
    • Sinological МФА ^(key): /sy²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cūi / cṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoi³³/, /t͡sy³³/

Нота:

• cūi - literary (common);
• cṳ̄ - vernacular (only used in some words as the first syllable).

Мин Нан

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chúi
  • Tâi-lô: tsuí
  • Phofsit Daibuun: zuie
  • МФА (Singapore): /t͡sui⁴²/
  • МФА (Hui'an): /t͡sui⁵⁴/
  • МФА (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/
  • МФА (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei): /t͡sui⁵³/
  • МФА (Kaohsiung): /t͡sui⁴¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súi
  • Tâi-lô: suí
  • Phofsit Daibuun: suie
  • МФА (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taipei): /sui⁵³/
  • МФА (Hui'an): /sui⁵⁴/
  • МФА (Kaohsiung): /sui⁴¹/
  • МФА (Singapore): /sui⁴²/
  • МФА (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sui⁵⁵⁴/

Нота:

• chúi - vernacular;
• súi - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zui²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsúi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sui⁵²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: sr (T2)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³⁴/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: xyei³
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕye̞i⁴¹/

Definitions

水

2. water (Класификатор: 瓶 m; 樽 c; 滴 m c; 池 m c; 盆 m c; 杯 m c)

   請給我一杯水，謝謝。 [MSC, trad.]
   请给我一杯水，谢谢。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ, xièxiè. [Pinyin]

   A glass of water, please.

3. liquid; potion; juice

   口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva

   羊水  ―  yángshuǐ  ―  amniotic fluid

   眼藥水 / 眼药水  ―  yǎnyàoshuǐ  ―  eyedrop

4. (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料／饮料 (“beverage”).

   要叫什麼水？ / 要叫什么水？  ―  Yào jiào shénme shuǐ?  ―  What beverage do you want to order?

   欲叫什物水？ [Min Nan]  ―  Beh kiò sím物 chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  What beverage do you want to order?

6. (archaic) river

   漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River

7. body of water

   水路  ―  shuǐlù  ―  waterway

   三面環水 / 三面环水  ―  sān miàn huán shuǐ  ―  to be surrounded by (bodies of) water on three sides

8. flood

   發水 / 发水  ―  fāshuǐ  ―  to flood

9. additional cost or income
10. (dialectal) rain
11. (Cantonese) money (Класификатор: 嚿／𫩥)

    磅水 [Cantonese]  ―  bong⁶ seoi² [Jyutping]  ―  to pay

    掠水 [Cantonese]  ―  loek^6-1 seoi² [Jyutping]  ―  to obtain money dishonestly

    三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam¹ gau⁶ seoi² [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars

12. to swim

    水性  ―  shuǐxìng  ―  swimming ability

    • 假舟楫者，非能水也，而絕江河。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Xunzi, circa 3^rd century BCE

      Jiǎ zhōují zhě, fēi néng shuǐ yě, ér jué jiānghé. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this example)

13. (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless

    這裡的大學太水了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这里的大学太水了。 [MSC, simp.]

    Zhèlǐ de dàxué tài shuǐ le. [Pinyin]

    The universities here are too weak.

14. Short for 划水 (“to shirk; to slack off”).
15. one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行)
16. (colloquial) Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
17. Sui people

    水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)

19. A презиме​..

Synonyms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Кинески).

Compounds

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Кинески).

Descendants

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Кинески).

Etymology 2

За изговор и дефиниције од 水 – види 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”). (Овај character, 水, је a variant облик од 媠.)

References

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Кинески).
• Шаблон:R:zh:SinicaGlyph

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Јапански

Kanji

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)^{←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)}
• Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)^{←すい (sui, historical)←すゐ (suwi, ancient)}
• Kun: みず (mizu, 水, Jōyō)^{←みづ (midu, historical)}
• Nanori: うず (uzu); ずみ (zumi); たいら (taira)^{←たひら (tafira, historical)}; つ (tsu); ど (do); な (na); なか (naka); み (mi); みさ (misa); みつ (mitsu); みな (mina); みん (min); ゆ (yu); ゆく (yuku)

Compounds

• Види 水/изведени термини § Kanji.

Etymology 1

⟨mi₁du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

From , from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu.

Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).

Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Монголски мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Корејски 물 (mul, “water”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みず [mìzú] (Heiban – [0])
• МФА^(кључ): [mʲizɨᵝ]

Noun

1. water Галицијски

   Синонимs: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā), (Tsugaru) がっこ (gakko)

   Антоним: 湯 (yu, specifically meaning "hot water")

2. drinking water

   Синонимs: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)

3. a fluid, liquid

   Синоним: 液体 (ekitai)

4. a flood

   Синонимs: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)

5. (sumo) halting
6. (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout

Usage notes

Note that, while mizu is the most general Japanese term for “water”, it does refer specifically to “water that is not hot”. Meanwhile, the word 湯 (yu) refers specifically to “hot water”. Consider 水風呂 (mizu-buro, “cold-water bath”), contrasting with 風呂 (furo, “bath”, implying hot water).

Derived terms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Јапански).

Idioms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Јапански).

Proverbs

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Јапански).

Prefix

1. water

Derived terms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Water (Prefix).

Proper noun

2. a презиме​.

Etymology 2

⟨mi₁⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From .

Typically found in compounds.

Affix

1. Combining form of みず (mizu) above

Derived terms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Combining form.

Etymology 3

/ɕuwi/ → */suwi/ → /sui/

From 水.

Compare modern Мандарин 水 (shuǐ), modern Хака 水 (súi).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) す​い [súꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• МФА^(кључ): [sɨᵝi]

Noun

1. water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
2. Wednesday
3. shaved ice served with flavored syrup

   Синоним: 氷水 (kōrimizu)

Affix

1. water
2. body of water
3. fluid, liquid
4. Short for 水素 (suiso): hydrogen

Derived terms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Water (element).

Proper noun

1. a female given name

Etymology 4

⟨mopi₁⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /moɸi/ → /mowi/ → /moi/

From . Via metonymy from the word 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”), from the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): [mo̞i]

Noun

1. (obsolete) drinking water

Derived terms

• 水(もい)取(とり), 主水(もいとり) (moitori)

See also

• 氷(こおり) (kōri, “ice”)
• 湯(ゆ) (yu, “hot water”)

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Корејски

Etymology

From 水.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᄉᆔᆼ〯 (Yale: syǔy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1]	믈〮 (Yale: múl)	슈〮 (Yale: syú)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰu]
• Phonetic hangul: [수]

Hanja

Wikisource

水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))

1. Hanja form^? of 수 (“water”).
2. Hanja form^? of 수 (“Short for 수요일(水曜日) (suyoil, “Wednesday”).”).

Compounds

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Корејски).

References

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Корејски).

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Lama Bai

Noun

水 (ɕy³³)

1. hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

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Miyako

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Pronunciation

• МФА^(key): [mid͡zz̩]

Noun

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji [[mizu, mikɯ#Miyako|mizu, mikɯ]])

1. water

References

• Види 水/изведени термини § Water (Miyako).

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Northern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, rōmaji mïzï)

1. water

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Oki-No-Erabu

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

1. water

References

• Шаблон:R:JLect

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Okinawan

Kanji

水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On: しー (shī)
• Kun: みじ (miji, 水)

Compounds

• Види 水/изведени термини § Kanji (Okinawan).

Etymology

From earlier 水 (midu → midzu → mizu), attested in 1711 in the 混効験集 (Konkōkenshū), itself from .

The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants.

Cognate with Јапански 水 (mizu), Стари Јапански 水 (mi₁du).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) み​じ[míꜜd͡ʑì] (Kakō - [1])
• МФА^(key): [mid͡ʑi]

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

1. water

Derived terms

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Okinawan).

References

• Шаблон:R:JLect

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Southern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, rōmaji mïdi)

1. water

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Southern Bai

Noun

水 (ɕy³³)

1. hanzi form of ɕy³³ (water)

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Вијетнамски

Han character

水: Hán Việt readings: thủy-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel/thuỷ-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (式(thức)軌(quỹ)切(thiết))
水: Nôm readings: thủy-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd/thuỷ-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, nước-tdcntd

1. Hán tự form of thuỷ, “water”
2. (uncommon) Nôm form of nước (“water”).

Compounds

• Види 水/изведени термини § Вода (Вијетнамски).

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Yonaguni

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Possibly also related to Корејски 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(key): [miŋ]

Noun

水 (hiragana みん, rōmaji min, hiragana みーん, rōmaji mīn)

1. water

References

• Види 水/изведени термини § Water (Yonaguni).

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Yoron

Kanji

水

Etymology

From .

Possibly also related to Корејски 물 (mul), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, rōmaji miji)

1. water

References

• Види 水/изведени термини § Water (Yoron).