Викиречник:О Кинески/Ган
Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Nanchang dialect of Gan Chinese. See Module:gan-pron for the codes.
Initials
уреди| IPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | b | 巴 | |
| /pʰ/ | p | 爬 | |
| /m/ | m | 馬 | |
| /f/ | f | 花 | |
| /t/ | d | 打 | |
| /tʰ/ | t | 他 | |
| /l/ | l | 拉 | |
| /t͡s/ | z | 遮 | |
| /t͡sʰ/ | c | 車 | |
| /s/ | s | 沙 | |
| /t͡ɕ/ | j | 姐 | only before high front vowels |
| /t͡ɕʰ/ | q | 且 | only before high front vowels |
| /n̠ʲ/ | ny | 膩 | only before high front vowels |
| /ɕ/ | x | 寫 | only before high front vowels |
| /k/ | g | 家 | |
| /kʰ/ | k | 抲 | |
| /ŋ/ | ng | 丫 | |
| /h/ | h | 蝦 |
Rhymes
уреди| IPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| /z̩/ | i | 資 | only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/ |
| /i/ | i | 衣 | |
| /u/ | u | 烏 | |
| /y/ | y | 迂 | |
| /a/ | a | 丫 | |
| /ia/ | ia | 爺 | |
| /ua/ | ua | 娃 | |
| /o/ | o | 我 | |
| /uo/ | uo | 窩 | |
| /e/ | e | 許 | |
| /ie/ | ie | 渠 | |
| /ue/ | ue | - | |
| /ye/ | ye | 靴 | |
| /ɵ/ | eo | 而 | |
| /m̩/ | m | 姆 | zero initial |
| /n̩/ | n | 你 | zero initial |
| /ŋ̍/ | ng | 五 | zero initial |
| /ai/ | ai | 愛 | |
| /uai/ | uai | 歪 | |
| /oi/ | oi | - | only used for interjections |
| /ei/ | ei | - | only used in contractions |
| /ɨi/ | i | 灰 | only after /f/ |
| /ui/ | ui | 委 | |
| /au/ | au | 咬 | |
| /ɛu/ | eu | 猴 | |
| /iɛu/ | ieu | 腰 | |
| /ɨu/ | iu | 洲 | only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/ |
| /iu/ | iu | 優 | |
| /an/ | an | 淹 | |
| /uan/ | uan | 彎 | |
| /ɵn/ | on | 安 | |
| /uɵn/ | uon | 完 | |
| /yɵn/ | yon | 冤 | |
| /ɛn/ | en | 恆 | |
| /iɛn/ | ien | 煙 | |
| /ɨn/ | iin | 本 | |
| /in/ | in | 陰 | |
| /un/ | un | 文 | |
| /yn/ | yn | 雲 | |
| /aŋ/ | ang | 坑 | |
| /iaŋ/ | iang | 影 | |
| /uaŋ/ | uang | 橫 | |
| /ɔŋ/ | ong | 巷 | |
| /iɔŋ/ | iong | 羊 | |
| /uɔŋ/ | uong | 王 | |
| /uŋ/ | ung | 翁 | |
| /iuŋ/ | iung | 擁 | |
| /at̚/ | at | 鴨 | |
| /uat̚/ | uat | 挖 | |
| /ɵt̚/ | ot | 喝 | |
| /uɵt̚/ | uot | 活 | |
| /yɵt̚/ | yot | 越 | |
| /ɛt̚/ | et | 黑 | |
| /iɛt̚/ | iet | 頁 | |
| /uɛt̚/ | uet | 國 | |
| /ɨt̚/ | iit | 不 | |
| /it̚/ | it | 一 | |
| /ut̚/ | ut | 骨 | |
| /yt̚/ | yt | 屈 | |
| /aʔ/ | ah | 客 | |
| /iaʔ/ | iah | 額 | |
| /uaʔ/ | uah | - | |
| /ɔʔ/ | oh | 惡 | |
| /iɔʔ/ | ioh | 藥 | |
| /uɔʔ/ | uoh | 郭 | |
| /uʔ/ | uh | 屋 | |
| /iuʔ/ | iuh | 肉 |
Suprasegmentals
уредиTones
уреди| Tone name | Tone value | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dark level | 42 | 1 | 翻 | |
| light level (A) | 24 | 2 | 襻 | only with aspirated initials |
| rising | 213 | 3 | 反 | |
| light level (B) | 35 | 4 | 凡 | only with unaspirated initials |
| departing | 11 | 5 | 飯 | |
| dark checked | 5 | 6 | 法 | |
| light checked | 2 | 7 | 罰 | |
| neutral | (unmarked) | 朋友 |
Tone sandhi
уреди![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level (A) }}[24]\\{\text{light level (B) }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [13]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level (A) }}[24]\\{\text{light level (B) }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/04cafb5d12acd834ff4f693ea210bfbf1b3f79cc)
![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [24]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/baef90e12c2906140f2199d8152b2a09cd823b6c)
![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\text{neutral}}\to [21]+{\text{neutral}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a96e72f5fde7613596c5440ae93208fbe29583dd)
Stress
уредиStress is indicated by an apostrophe (') before the syllable.
References
уреди- Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects: Nanchang dialect
- 熊正辉 (1979-11-24), “南昌方言的声调及其演变”, in 方言, issue 4, year 1979, pages 275–283