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U+611B, 愛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611B

[U+611A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+611C]

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Han character

(Kangxi radical 61, +9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月心水 (BBPE), четири-угла 20247, composition𢖻)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 395, карактер 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 10947
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 732, карактер 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2323, карактер 1
  • Unihan data за U+611B

Кинески


трад.
једн.
alternative forms
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Кантонски)
  • (Класични)
  • (Ган)
  • Oi (Hakka)
  • Ái (Eastern Min)
  • Ài (Southern Min)
  • (Ву)

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   
Знакови у истом фонетском низу () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески

Originally , a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声) : phonetic  () + semantic  (heart).

As early as the Qin dynasty, a meaningless component (“foot”) was added to the bottom of the character, as with some other characters depicting people. Compare (from ).

Further corruption turned the original phonetic into ⿱爫冖.

Etymology

Based on Baxter's (1992) Old Chinese reconstruction /*ʔɨts/, STEDT suggests that it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋ-(w)aːj (to copulate; to love; to be gentle). Compare Proto-Karen *ʔai (to love), whence Pa'o Karen [script needed] (ʔái, to love), S'gaw Karen အဲၣ် ('ɛ̀, to love); Southern Bai e⁴⁴ (love); Mizo hma-ngaih (to love, to like); Jingpho nwai (to respect, to love), ngwi (to be gentle); Burmese ငွေ့ (ngwe., to be gentle, moderate). The Chinese word is related to a Tibeto-Burman allofam without initial *ŋ-. STEDT states that an Old Chinese reconstruction of /*ʔɨjs/ for is also possible because Old Chinese rhyming does not provide direct evidence of contacts with *-t.

However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs /*[q]ˁə[p]-s/, which ends in *-p-s instead. The Old Chinese contrast between *-p-s and *-t-s was lost at a late stage of Old Chinese. The final *-p is not reflected in the Tibeto-Burman comparandum provided by STEDT, making the likelihood that the Chinese form is related to the rest very low (Sagart, 2019). Behr (2016) suggests a derivation from a verbal root meaning "to draw in; to inhale; to suck in", relating it to (OC *qʰ(r)əp, “to inhale”), (OC *qʰˁ[ə]p, “to sip”), (OC *qʰəp-s, “to sigh with regret”), (OC *qˁəp-s, “to pant”), (OC *C.qʰəp-s, “vapour; breath”).

Pronunciation

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..

Definitions

  1. to love
      ―  àiguó  ―  to love one's country; to be patriotic
      ―  ài nǐ.  ―  I love you.
  2. to treasure; to value
    面子面子  ―  ài miànzi  ―  to be sensitive about one's reputation
  3. to like; to be fond of; to be keen on
    說話说话  ―  ài shuōhuà.  ―  He likes to talk.
    豬肉猪肉  ―  Wǒ bù ài chī zhūròu.  ―  I don't like to eat pork.
  4. to begrudge; to be reluctant
  5. to be prone; to be easy to
    發脾氣发脾气  ―  ài fāpíqì  ―  to be short-tempered
    生鏽生锈  ―  Tiě ài shēngxiù.  ―  Iron rusts easily.
  6. love; affection
  7. love; benevolence
    人間人间  ―  yí'àirénjiān  ―  to leave love behind
  8. something one loves; someone whom one loves
      ―  gē'ài  ―  to sacrifice something one loves to someone else
  9. Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of .
      ―  lìng'ài  ―  your precious daughter
  10. beloved
      ―  ài  ―  beloved wife
      ―  àijiàng  ―  beloved general
  11. (Cantonese, Hakka, Wu, Teochew) to want (an object)
    咁多 [Cantonese, trad.]
    咁多 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 m4 oi3 gam3 do1. [Jyutping]
    I don't want that much.
  12. (Hakka, Min) to want (to do)
  13. (Hakka, Min) to need to; must
    注意 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    注意 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Ū chi̍t 點 ài chù-ì--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    There's one thing you must bear in mind.
  14. (archaic) Alternative form of 𫉁 (“to hide”).
  15. A презиме​..

Usage notes

  • When used for people, usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (“overly romantic; corny; cheesy”). For this reason, the word 喜歡喜欢 (“to like”) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡喜欢 literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. Compare Јапански 好き (suki). However, younger Mandarin speakers, especially those who have been in love for some time, seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Јапански: (あい) (ai)
  • Корејски: 애(愛) (ae)
  • Вијетнамски: ái ()

Others:

  • ? Proto-Hlai: *ʔəːp (to love)

Further reading


Јапански


Kanji

(Четврти grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
あい
Степен: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese .

Compare modern Мандарин (ài).

Pronunciation

Noun

(あい) (ai

  1. love
    (あい)(つよ)い。
    Ai wa tsuyoi.
    The love is strong.
    (あい)()つ。
    Ai wa katsu.
    The love wins.
  2. affection
    Синоним: 愛情 (aijō)
  3. tenderness
  4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Синоним: 愛想 (aiso)
  5. (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  6. (Christianity) agape
Synonyms
Derived terms

Proper noun

(あい) (Ai

  1. Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.
  2. a презиме​.

Affix

(あい) (ai

  1. love
  2. (US) Short for 愛州 (Lua грешка in Модул:place at line 167: attempt to index upvalue 'implication_data' (a nil value).).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
まな
Степен: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Originally a compound of (ma, true, genuine) +‎ (na), an Old Japanese version of modern Јапански (no, possessive particle).[3]

The use of here is an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

Prefix

(まな) (mana-

  1. before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: good, genuine; compare English the real deal
  2. before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: dear, beloved
Derived terms

Noun

(まな) (mana

  1. (archaic, derived from prefix sense) something dear or loved

Proper noun

(まな) (Mana

  1. Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names. is a very common element in many, many names.

Proper noun

(あづみ) or (ああい) or (あいか) or (あいす) or (あき) or (あこ) or (あみか) or (あおい) or (ありさ) or (あや) or (あゆ) or (ちぎり) or (ちか) or (ちかし) or (えりな) or (はあと) or (ひかり) or (いと) or (いとし) or (いつみ) or (いずみ) or (かな) or (かなえ) or (かなさ) or (きずな) or (こころ) or (このむ) or (まどか) or (まなぶ) or (まなみ) or (めづる) or (めご) or (めぐ) or (めぐみ) or (めぐむ) or (めい) or (なる) or (なるこ) or (のぞみ) or (らぶ) or (るい) or (さら) or (さらん) or (つぐみ) or (つくみ) or (うい) or (よし) or (よしき) or (よしみ) (Azumi or Āi or Aika or Aisu or Aki or Ako or Amika or Aoi or Arisa or Aya or Ayu or Chigiri or Chika or Chikashi or Erina or Hāto or Hikari or Ito or Itoshi or Itsumi or Izumi or Kana or Kanae or Kanasa or Kizuna or Kokoro or Konomu or Madoka or Manabu or Manami or Mezuru or Mego or Megu or Megumi or Megumu or Mei or Naru or Naruko or Nozomi or Rabu or Rui or Sara or Saran or Tsugumi or Tsukumi or Ui or Yoshi or Yoshiki or Yoshimi

  1. Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Корејски


Etymology

From Middle Chinese .

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: qóy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄃᆞᅀᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: dòzól) ᄋᆡ〯 (Yale: ǒy)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(кључ): [ɛ(ː)] ~ [e̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)/(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
[[wikisource:ko:Special:Search/"愛"|]]

Wikisource

(eumhun 사랑 (sarang ae))

  1. Hanja form? of (love).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Okinawan

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings


Old Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Originally a compound of (ma, true, genuine) +‎ (na, apophonic form of possessive particle (no2)).

Noun

(mana) (kana まな)

  1. something dear or loved
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3462)
      安志比奇乃夜末佐波妣登乃比登佐波爾麻奈登伊布児我安夜爾可奈思佐
      asi-pi1ki2 no2 yamasapabi1to2 no2 pi1to2 sapa ni mana to2 ipu ko1 ga aya ni kanasisa
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Јапански: (mana-)

Вијетнамски


Han character

: Hán Việt readings: ái-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel, áy-bonet
: Nôm readings: ái-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, áy-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, ải-tdcndg

  1. Hán tự form of ái, “love
  2. Nôm form of áy (troubled; anxious).

Compounds

References



 
Објашњење.

Изговор:

пинјин: ài  
Аудио:  (датотека)
Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

61

Шаблон:Karakter

Значења:

...

Примери:

 1. Јованова, глава 4

Синоними:

...


Хомофони:

...

Хомографи:

...

ХСК ниво:

...

Асоцијације:

...

Изведене речи:

...


Сродни чланци са Википедије:


Преводи

  • Енглески:
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Шаблон:Kateg

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Претходна Страна Наредна

  • ... broj strane ... broj strane
Проширени садржај

Шаблон:kljuc/119001

Библијске све речи:119:001 {{{2}}} {{{3}}} Кључна реч број:00004

 
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32{663 755 838 837 836 835 834 833 832 831 830 829 828 827 826 825 824 823 822 821 820 819 818 817 816 815 814 813 812 811 723 626}
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Реч:4
00001 Претходни: 2
Следећи: 3