이
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이익읶읷인읹읺 읻일읽읾읿잀잁 잂잃임입잆잇있 잉잊잋잌잍잎잏 | |
의 ← | → 자 |
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Cia-Cia
Preposition
이 (’i)
Jeju
Pronunciation
Etimologija 1
Sino-Korejska reč od 二. Cognate with Korejski 이 (i).
Numeral
이 (i)
Etimologija 2
Determiner
이 (i)
See also
References
Etimologija 1
From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “this”), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, “this”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Determiner
이 (i)
Pronoun
이 (i)
Usage notes
In spoken Korean, the word is used only as a determiner. To say "this person", "this thing", etc., a noun must be present: 이 사람 (i saram, “this person”), 이 것 (i geot, “this thing”), etc.
See also
Korean demonstratives unos | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Determiner | 이 | 그 | 저 | 어느 | |
Pronoun | Human | 이이 | 그이 | 저이 | |
이분 | 그분 | 저분 | |||
이자 | 그자 | 저자 | |||
이놈 | 그놈 | 저놈 | |||
이년 | 그년 | 저년 | |||
얘 | 걔 | 쟤 | |||
Object | 이 | (그) | (저) | ||
이것 | 그것 | 저것 | 어느 것 | ||
이거 | 그거 | 저거 | 어느 거 | ||
Place | 여기 | 거기 | 저기 | 어디 | |
이곳 | 그곳 | 저곳 | 어느 곳 | ||
Direction | 이쪽 | 그쪽 | 저쪽 | 어느 쪽 | |
Time | 이때 | 그때 | 접때 | ||
Verb | 이러다 | 그러다 | 저러다 | 어쩌다 | |
이리하다 | 그리하다 | 저리하다 | 어찌하다 | ||
Adjective | 이렇다 | 그렇다 | 저렇다 | 어떻다 | |
이러하다 | 그러하다 | 저러하다 | 어떠하다 | ||
Adverb | 이리 | 그리 | 저리 | 어찌 | |
이렇게 | 그렇게 | 저렇게 | 어떻게 | ||
이만큼 | 그만큼 | 저만큼 |
Etimologija 2
Sino-Korejska reč od 二, from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: zǐ), from Middle Chinese 二.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | ī |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.
20 | ||
← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
---|---|---|
Native isol.: 둘 (dul) Native attr.: 두 (du) Sino-Korean: 이 (i) Hanja: 二 Ordinal: 둘째 (duljjae) |
Numeral
이 (i) (hanja 二)
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Derived terms
- Vidi hanja unos na 二 za Sino-Korejske složenice od 이 (二, i).
Etimologija 3
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.
Pronunciation
In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
As the non-initial element of a compound:
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [ni]
- Phonetic hangul: [니]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ni |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ni |
McCune–Reischauer? | ni |
Yale Romanization? | ni |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun
이 (i)
- tooth, teeth (chiefly of a human)
- the teeth of a saw or a similar jagged surface
-
Audio: (file)
-
- (rare) mechanical joint
- Sinonim: 이음 (ieum)
Usage notes
- In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.
Alternative forms
- 니 (ni, as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography)
Derived terms
- 금니 (geumni, “gold teeth”)
- 덧니 (deonni, “snaggleteeth”)
- 막니 (mangni, “wisdom teeth (dialectal)”)
- 사랑니 (sarangni, “wisdom teeth”)
- 송곳니 (songgonni, “canine teeth”)
- 아랫니 (araenni, “lower teeth”)
- 앞니 (amni, “incisor”)
- 어금니 (eogeumni, “molar”)
- 윗니 (winni, “upper teeth”)
- 은니 (eunni, “silver teeth”)
- 이빨 (ippal, “(animal) teeth”)
- 잇몸 (inmom, “gums in the mouth”)
- 젖니 (jeonni, “baby teeth”)
- 틀니 (teulli, “dentures”)
See also
Etimologija 4
From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “person”).Šablon:senseid-close
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
Dependent noun
이 (i)[[Kategorija:Korejski Lua greška in Modul:debug at line 160: The part of speech "dependent" is not recognized by this template..|이]]
Derived terms
Etimologija 5
First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.
Pronunciation
In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
As the non-initial element of a compound:
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [ni]
- Phonetic hangul: [니]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | ni |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | ni |
McCune–Reischauer? | ni |
Yale Romanization? | ni |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun
이 (i)
- louse (tiny bloodsucking insect)
Usage notes
- In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.
Alternative forms
- 니 (ni) — as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography
Derived terms
- 닭니 (dangni, “chicken louse”)
- 머릿니 (meorinni, “hair louse”)
- 사면발니 (samyeonballi, “crab louse”)
- 옷엣니 (odenni, “body louse”)
Etimologija 6
Sino-Korejska reč od 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | I |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | I |
McCune–Reischauer? | I |
Yale Romanization? | ī |
Proper noun
South Korean Standard Language |
이(李) (i) |
---|---|
North Korean Standard Language |
리(李) (ri) |
이 (i) (hanja 李)
- A prezime., the second most common Korean surname, used by roughly 7.3 million people in South Korea as of 2015.
Usage notes
- 98.5% of South Koreans with this surname romanize it as "Lee".[1] North Koreans tend to romanize it as "Ri".
Etimologija 7
Sino-Korejska reč od 理, from the Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Yale: lǐ), from Middle Chinese 理.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | ī |
Noun
South Korean Standard Language |
이/리(理) (i/ri) |
---|---|
North Korean Standard Language |
리(理) (ri) |
이 (i) (hanja 理)
- (East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos
- Koordinatni termin: 기(氣) (gi, vital force engendering the cosmos)
Usage notes
- In the case of this specific word, the 리 (ri) pronunciation is common even in South Korea. The reason may be to avoid homophony with other Chinese characters, given the context of East Asian philosophy where single-character Chinese terms are common.
Derived terms
- Vidi hanja unos na 理 za Sino-Korejske složenice od 이 (理, i).
Etimologija 8
Sino-Korejska reč od 利, from Middle Chinese 利 (“profit”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | ī |
Noun
South Korean Standard Language |
이(利) (i) |
---|---|
North Korean Standard Language |
리(利) (ri) |
이 (i) (hanja 利)
- (possibly dated) profit, benefit
- 1996, Kim Jong-pil, “[각계 주요인사 신년사] 김종필 <자민련 총재>”, in Hanguk gyeongje:
- (rare, dated) interest
Derived terms
Etimologija 9
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
- South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지
Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.
Noun
이 (i)
- The Korean reading of the Latin alphabet letter e.
- (mathematics) In particular, the Korean reading of the number that is the base of natural logarithms (approximately 2.718281828459), written e.
Etimologija 10
Sino-Korejska reč od 釐
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(ključ): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
Numeral
이 (i) (hanja 釐)
- (rare, archaic) one-hundredth, 10-2
Etimologija 11
Proper noun
이 (i) (hanja 伊)
- Alternative form of 伊 (I, “Italy (in news headlines)”)
Etimologija 12
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.
Syllable
이 (i)
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Etimologija 13
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 리 (ri).
After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 리 (ri) in all environments.
Syllable
이 (i)
Etimologija 14
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 니 (ni).
After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 니 (ni)in all environments.
Syllable
이 (i)
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References
- ↑ “'김·이·박·최'의 영어표기를 외국인이 읽는다면? [If a foreigner were to read the romanizations of "Kim", "Lee", "Park", and "Choi"?]”, in Yonhap News Agency[1], 2017
이 (korejski)
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