四

Такође погледајте: 西, 匹, и 㓁

四 U+56DB, 四 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56DB ← 囚 [U+56DA] CJK Unified Ideographs 囜 → [U+56DC]

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Han character

四 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田金 (WC), четири-угла 6021₀, composition ⿴囗⿰丿㇄(GHTV) or ⿴囗儿(JK))

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №503

Derived characters

• 𦊚
• 伵 呬 泗 怬 柶 牭 訵 䦉 駟(驷) 泗 囧 圀 𧶠

References

• KangXi: page 216, карактер 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 4682
• Dae Jaweon: страна 439, карактер 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 710, карактер 16
• Unihan data за U+56DB

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Кинески

једн. and трад.		四
alternative forms		肆 financial 亖 皿 龱 𠁤 肆 financial 亖 皿 龱 𠁤 𠃢 𦉭

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 四
Shang		Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)			Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Знакови у истом фонетском низу (四) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Стари Кинески
訵
四
泗
駟
柶
牭
呬

The word "four" was written as 亖 before Western Zhou and 四 appeared in late Spring and Autumn period. This alternative form was used to prevent confusion of 亖 and 二 or 三 in vertical writing. It was standardized in Qin dynasty.

The bronzeware style of the character featured a repositioning of those four lines inside 口; this later evolved into the combination used today of 口 (“mouth”) and 八 (“divide”) which meant a dispersal of breath. It could thus be said that four is a borrowed meaning for this character. The original sense is preserved in 呬, by adding an extra 口.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.

Definitions

四

1. four
2. (music) la (musical note)
3. (printing) English; The size of type between 小四 (little 4) and 小三 (little 3), standardized as 14 point.

Usage notes

As superstition, 四 is avoided because it is similar to 死 (“death”) in sound.

See also

Кинески бројеви
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	108	1012
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

Playing cards in Кинески · 撲克牌／扑克牌 (pūkèpái) (layout · text)
尖兒／尖儿	二 (èr)	三	四 (sì)	五	六	七
八 (bā)	九 (jiǔ)	十	鉤兒／钩儿	圈兒／圈儿, 皮蛋 (regional)	K	小王 (xiǎowáng, black), 大王 (red), 小鬼 (black), 大鬼 (red)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (四):

• → Јапански: 四(し) (shi)
• → Корејски: 사(四) (sa)
• → Вијетнамски: tứ (四)

Others:

• Wutunhua: se
• → Proto-Tai: *siːᴮ (“four”)
• → Вијетнамски: tư (“four”)

Further reading

• “Entry #1418”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Мандарин and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Јапански

Kanji

四

(Први grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: よ (yo, 四, Jōyō); よつ (yotsu, 四つ, Jōyō); よっつ (yottsu, 四つ, Jōyō); よん (yon, 四, Jōyō)
• Nanori: あ (a); つ (tsu); ひろ (hiro); もち (mochi); よつ (yotsu)

Compounds

• 四股(しこ) (shiko)
• 四阿(あずまや) (azumaya)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
四
よ Степен: 1
kun'yomi

⟨yo₂⟩ → */jə/ → /jo/

From Old Japanese.

In modern Japanese, Japonic よ (yo) is more common than Sinitic し (shi, see Etymology 3) outside fixed compounds, which is similar to 七(なな) (nana) but different from other numerals. The reason may be a superstitious connection to 死(し) (shi), or simply avoiding confusion with similar sounding 一(いち) (ichi) and 七(しち) (shichi).

Numeral

四(よ) (yo) 

Јапански cardinal бројеви

<  3	4	5  >
Cardinal : 四

1. four, 4

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 四(よ)つ (yotsu), 四(よっ)つ (yottsu)
• 四十(よそ) (yoso)
• 四(よ)隅(すみ) (yosumi)
• 四人(よったり) (yottari)
• 四方(よも) (yomo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
四
よん Степен: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from yo above, influenced by analogy by the final sound of preceding number 三 (san, “three”). The most common form as a stand-alone number.

Numeral

四(よん) (yon) 

1. four, 4

Derived terms

• 四(よん)十(じゅう) (yonjū)
• 四(よん)輪(りん) (yonrin)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
四
し Степен: 1
on'yomi

/si/ → /ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 四.

Compare modern Hakka 四 (si).

Alternative forms

• (financial form) 肆

Numeral

四(し) (shi) 

1. four, 4

Usage notes

Due to Chinese influence, 四 (shi) is sometimes avoided as it is homonymous to 死 (shi, “death”).

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 四(し)角(かく) (shikaku)
• 四(し)更(こう) (shikō)
• 四(し)季(き) (shiki)
• 四(し)捨(しゃ)五(ご)入(にゅう) (shishagonyū)
• 四(し)十(じゅう) (shijū)
• 四(し)則(そく) (shisoku)
• 四(し)大(だい) (shidai)
• 四(し)天(てん)王(のう) (Shitennō)
• 四(し)面(めん) (shimen)

Noun

四(し) (shi) 

1. the fourth

Affix

四(し) (shi) 

1. four
2. fourth
3. quadruple
4. here and there

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 四(し)囲(い) (shī)
• 四(し)海(かい) (shikai)
• 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu)
• 四(し)周(しゅう) (shishū)
• 四(し)半(はん) (shihan)
• 四(し)隣(りん) (shirin)
• 再(さい)三(さん)再(さい)四(し) (saisan-saishi)
• 朝(ちょう)三(さん)暮(ぼ)四(し) (chōsanboshi)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
四
すう Степен: 1
irregular

From Мандарин 四 (sì).

Numeral

四(スー) (sū) 

1. four, 4

Derived terms

Изведени термини

• 四(スー)暗(アン)刻(コー) (sūankō)
• 四(スー)槓(カン)子(ツ) (sūkantsu)
• 四(スー)索(ソー) (sūsō)
• 四(スー)筒(ピン) (sūpin)
• 四(スー)風(ホン)牌(パイ) (sūhonpai)
• 四(スー)喜(シー)和(ホー) (sūshīhō)
  • 小(しょう)四(スー)喜(シー) (shōsūshī)
  • 大(だい)四(スー)喜(シー) (daisūshī)
• 四(スー)萬(ワン) (sūwan)

See also

Бројеви на Јапанском
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
零(れい) (rei) ゼロ (zero)	一(いち) (ichi)	二(に) (ni)	三(さん) (san)	四(よん) (yon) 四(し) (shi)	五(ご) (go)	六(ろく) (roku)	七(なな) (nana) 七(しち) (shichi)	八(はち) (hachi)	九(きゅう) (kyū) 九(く) (ku)
10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
十(じゅう) (jū)	十一(じゅういち) (jūichi)	十二(じゅうに) (jūni)	十三(じゅうさん) (jūsan)	十四(じゅうよん) (jūyon) 十四(じゅうし) (jūshi)	十五(じゅうご) (jūgo)	十六(じゅうろく) (jūroku)	十七(じゅうなな) (jūnana) 十七(じゅうしち) (jūshichi)	十八(じゅうはち) (jūhachi)	十九(じゅうきゅう) (jūkyū) 十九(じゅうく) (jūku)

References

• The Japan Times (March 17, 2010). You can count on the tales behind number-kanji. Accessed March 23, 2010.

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Корејски

Корејски numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Native isol.: 넷 (net)     Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo)     Sino-Korean: 사 (sa)     Hanja: 四     Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 四.

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean  ᄉᆞ ( so)訓 (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. Шаблон:hanja-gwangju Шаблон:hanja-sinjeung

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(кључ): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

四 (eumhun 넉 사 (neok sa))

1. Hanja form^? of 사 (“four”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *yə.

Also used as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨yo₂⟩.

Numeral

四 (yo₂) (kana よ)

1. four, 4

Derived terms

• 四人 (yo₂tari)

Descendants

• Јапански: 四 (yo, yon)

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Вијетнамски

Han character

四: Hán Việt readings: tứ-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn
四: Nôm readings: tớ-tdcndg;tdcntd;btcn, tứ-tdcntd;gdhn, tư-btcn

1. Hán tự form of tứ, “four”
2. Nôm form of tư (“four; fourth”).

Derived terms

• 四圍 (tứ vi)
• 四处 (tứ xứ)
• 四季 (tứ quý)
• 四屏 (tứ bình)
• 四徳 (tứ đức)
• 四方 (tứ phương)
• 四旁 (tứ bàng)
• 四旬 (tứ tuần)
• 四時 (tứ thời)
• 四書 (tứ thư)
• 四柱 (tứ trụ)
• 四民 (tứ dân)
• 四絶 (tứ tuyệt)
• 四維 (tứ duy)
• 四肢 (tứ chi)
• 四色 (tứ sắc)
• 四靈 (tứ linh)
• 四顧無親 (tứ cố vô thân)
• 四體 (tứ thể)