未

Takođe pogledajte: 木, 夫, 末, 禾, i 耒

未	U+672A, 未 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672A

← 朩
[U+6729]

CJK jedinstveni ideogrami

末 →
[U+672B]

međunarodno

Redosled pisanja

Han karakter

未 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), četiri-ugla 5090₀, composition ⿻一木)

Izvedeni karakteri

Reference

KangXi: page 509, karakter 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: karakter 14419
Dae Jaweon: strana 890, karakter 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: tom 2, strana 1150, karakter 1
Unihan data za U+672A

Kineski

jedn. and trad.		未

Glyph origin

Istorijski oblici karaktera 未
Shang		Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Znakovi u istom fonetskom nizu (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Stari Kineski
寐
魅
鬽
昧
妹
眛
沬
未
味
鮇
菋

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)

Etimologija

"not yet": Pulleyblank (1995), apud Schuessler (2007), proposes that this word results from a fusion of negative root *m- with perfective particle 既 (“already”).

"eighth earthly branch": Smith (2011) proposes that 未 denoted the waxing moon's "impending stage" before full moon. 未's early sense might be "tip" > "on the tipping point" if it could be connected to 末 (“tip”), which is similar graphically and phonologically; though what morphological mechanism which can associate them two is unclear.; As for its association with the goat, Ferlus (2013) notes there is good correspondence with Austronesian Atayal miːts (“lamb”); also compare Lao ມົດ (mot, “year of the lamb”).

Izgovor

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinjin): wèi (wei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

(Chengdu, SP): wei⁴
Kantonski
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): mei⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mei⁵
Gan (Vikirečnik): ui⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vi

(Meixian, Guangdong): vi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): vei³
Min Dong (BUC): muôi / ê
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bē / bēr / bōe / běr / bī

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê⁷ / bhi⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): mi (T3); vi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): uei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinjin: wèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wei⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /uei²¹³/
Kantonski
- (Standard Kantonski, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁶
  - Yale: meih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /mei̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Vikirečnik: mei⁵
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ᵐbei³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ui⁵
  - Sinological MFA ^(key): /ui¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi
  - Hakka Romanization System: vi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vi⁴
  - IPA: /vi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vi⁴
  - IPA: /ʋi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Vikirečnik: vei³
  - Sinological MFA (old-style): /vei⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muôi / ê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muɔi²⁴²/, /ɛi²⁴²/

Nota:

muôi - vernacular;
ê - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Magong, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bē
- Tâi-lô: bē
- Phofsit Daibuun: be
- MFA (Xiamen): /be²²/
- MFA (Philippines): /be⁴¹/
- MFA (Taipei, Yilan): /be³³/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēr
- Tâi-lô: bēr
- MFA (Quanzhou): /bə⁴¹/
- MFA (Kinmen): /bə²²/
(Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe
- Tâi-lô: buē
- Phofsit Daibuun: boe
- MFA (Zhangzhou): /bue²²/
- MFA (Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung): /bue³³/
- MFA (Penang): /bue²¹/
(Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: běr
- Tâi-lô: běr
- MFA (Lukang): /bə³³/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī
- Tâi-lô: bī
- Phofsit Daibuun: bi
- MFA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bi³³/
- MFA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹/
- MFA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bi²²/

Nota:

bē/bēr/bōe/běr - vernacular;
bī - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuê⁷ / bhi⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buē / bī
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /bue¹¹/, /bi¹¹/

Nota:

bhuê7 - “not; have not”;
bhi7 - one of the earthly branches.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: mi (T3); vi (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²³/, /v̻i²³/

Nota:

3mi - vernacular;
3vi - literary.

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: uei⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ue̞i⁴⁵/

Definicija

未

to have not; not yet
未來／未来 ― wèilái ― future [lit. have not come]

我未睇本書。／我未睇本书。 [Cantonese] ― ngo⁵ mei⁶ tai² bun² syu¹. [Jyutping] ― I have not read the book.
not
^† Alternative form of 味.
(Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet
食飽未？／食饱未？ [Cantonese] ― sik⁶ baau² mei⁶? [Jyutping] ― Are you full yet?
- 你買咗未先？／你买咗未先？ [Cantonese] ― nei⁵ maai⁵ zo² mei⁶ sin¹? [Jyutping] ― First off, have you even bought it yet?
eighth of twelve earthly branches
lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Synonyms

(not yet): 還沒／还没, 仍未; (literary) 尚未; (Cantonese) 仲未, 並未／并未; (Hakka) 吂曾, 吂識／吂识; (Min Nan) 猶未／犹未; (Wu) 朆

Coordinate terms

(earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳 (sì), 午, 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥

Compounds

Izvedeni termini od 未

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未):

Japanese: 未(み) (mi); 未(び) (bi)
Korean: 미 (未, mi)
Vietnamese: vị (未)

Others:

→ Vijetnamski: Mùi

Japanski

Kanji

Pogledajte takođe:

Kategorija:Japanski termini koji se pišu sa 未

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Readings

Go-on: み (mi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: び (bi)
Kun: いまだ (imada, 未だ); まだ (mada, 未だ); ひつじ (hitsuji, 未)

Compounds

未(み)開(かい) (mikai, “uncivilized”)
未(み)完(かん) (mikan, “unfinished”)
未(み)婚(こん) (mikon, “unmarried”)
未(み)熟(じゅく) (mijuku, “immature; inexperienced”)
未(み)遂(すい) (misui, “attempt”, at a crime)
未(み)成(せい)年(ねん) (miseinen, “minor”)
未(み)然(ぜん) (mizen, “previously”)
未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei, “imperfective form”)
未(み)曾(ぞう)有(う) (mizōu), 未(み)曾(ぞ)有(う) (mizou, “unprecedented”)
未(み)知(ち) (michi, “strange”)
未(み)知(ち)数(すう) (michisū, “unknown, variable”, in mathematics)
未(み)定(てい) (mitei, “undecided”)
未(み)踏(とう) (mitō, “unexplored”)
未(み)納(のう) (minō, “payment default”)
未(み)必(ひつ)の故(こ)意(い) (mihitsu no koi, “willful negligence”)
未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) (mibōjin, “widow”)
未(み)満(まん) (miman, “insufficient”)
未(み)来(らい) (mirai, “future”)
未(み)了(りょう) (miryō, “unfinished”)

Etimologija 1

Kanji in this term
未
ひつじ Stepen: 4
kun’yomi

Japanski Vikipedija ima an article na:

未

Vikipedija ^ja

From 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”)

Pronunciation

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Homophone: 羊

Proper noun

未(ひつじ) (Hitsuji)

the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etimologija 2

Kanji in this term
未
み Stepen: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨj^H)

Prefix

未(み) (mi-)

un-; in- Galicijski

Proper noun

未(み) (Mi)

the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Korejski

Etimologija

From Middle Chinese 未.

Istorijska čitanja
Recorded as Middle Korean 밍〮 (Yale: mí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 미 (Yale: mi) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Izgovor

(in 미안 (未安, mian)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mi]
- Phonetic hangul: [미]
(not; un-; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mi(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [미(ː)]
  - Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.