Викиречник

中

Такође погледајте: 𝌆, Φ, Ф, и ቀ
中 U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
← 丬
[U+4E2C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丮 →
[U+4E2E]

међународно


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Хан карактер

中 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), четири-угла 50006, composition ⿻口丨)

Изведени карактери

Референце

  • KangXi: page 79, карактер 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 73
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 158, карактер 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 28, карактер 10
  • Unihan data за U+4E2D

Кинески


једн. and трад.
 中
alternative forms 𠁦
𠁧
𠁩
𠔈
𠔗
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 中 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 中 (Кантонски)
  • 中 (Ган)

Порекло глифа

Историјски облици карактера 中
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Shizhoupian script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
                     
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
中
忠
衷
忡
浺
盅
种
沖
翀
仲

Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建鼓). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中 is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.

Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口, indicating the center.

It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.

Етимологија

“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Изговор 2).

Од Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).

Related to:

  • 衷 (“middle; inner garment; inner feelings”);
  • 仲 (“second (of the brothers or months)”).

Изговор 1

Note:
  • chûng, zung1 - literary;
  • tûng, dung4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • dé̤ng - literary;
  • dô̤ng - vernacular.
Note:
  • dṳ̆ng - literary;
  • dŏng - vernacular.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • tiong - literary;
    • tng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中秋);
    • teng - vernacular (in place names, e.g. 田中, 湖中);
    • thang - vernacular (limited).
Note:
  • dang1 - vernacular;
  • dong1 - literary.
Rime
Character 中
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈuwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶiuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung1

Дефиниције

中

  1. middle; center
    居中  ―  jūzhōng  ―  to be placed in the middle
    華中／华中  ―  Huázhōng  ―  Central China
  2. medium; intermediary
    中型  ―  zhōngxíng  ―  medium-size; mid-size
    這件夾克有三個尺碼：小、中、大。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件夹克有三个尺码：小、中、大。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu sān gè chǐmǎ: xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
    You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
  3. within; among; in
    水中  ―  shuǐ zhōng  ―  in the water
    我们中间有一个15岁的女孩。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒmen zhōngjiān yǒu yīgè 15 suì dí nǚhái. [Pinyin]
    A 15-year-old girl was among us.
    他在事故中受傷。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在事故中受伤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng. [Pinyin]
    He was injured in the accident.
  4. while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
    發展中國家／发展中国家  ―  fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā  ―  developing countries
    網頁正在建設中。 [MSC, trad.]
    网页正在建设中。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǎngyè zhèngzài jiànshè zhōng. [Pinyin]
    The website is under construction.
  5. to be fit for
    中用  ―  zhōngyòng  ―  to be useful
    中聽／中听  ―  zhōngtīng  ―  pleasant to the ear
  6. heart; innermost being
  7. intermediary
  8. (dialectal) all right; OK
  9. Short for 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
    中醫／中医  ―  zhōngyī  ―  traditional Chinese medicine
    中美關係／中美关系  ―  Zhōng Měi guānxì  ―  China–United States relation
  10. Short for 中學／中学 (“middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
    三中  ―  Sān Zhōng  ―  No.3 Middle School
  11. 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
  12. A surname

Синоними

  • (China):

Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 180: attempt to index local 'content' (a nil value).

Једињења

Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead..

Изговор 2

Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 157: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..

Дефиниције

中

  1. to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
    導彈成功擊中目標 [MSC, trad.]
    导弹成功击中目标 [MSC, simp.]
    dǎodàn chénggōng jī zhòng mùbiāo [Pinyin]
    The missile successfully hit the target.
    真讓他說中了。 [MSC, trad.]
    真让他说中了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhēn ràng tā shuō zhòng liǎo. [Pinyin]
    He turns out to be correct.
  2. to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
    中暑  ―  zhòngshǔ  ―  to suffer a heat stroke
    他試圖爬走時肩膀中槍了。 [MSC, trad.]
    他试图爬走时肩膀中枪了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhòngqiāng liǎo. [Pinyin]
    As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
    他中了肺炎。  ―  Tā zhòng liǎo fèiyán.  ―  He has contracted pneumonia.
  3. to win (a prize, a lottery)
    中樂透／中乐透  ―  zhòng lètòu  ―  win a lottery
    中咗六合彩 [Cantonese]  ―  zung3 zo2 luk6 hap6 coi2 [Jyutping]  ―  won the lottery
Синоними
  • (Singapore Hokkien) 著 (tio̍h)

Једињења

Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead..

Претходници

Sino-Xenic (中):

Others:

  • → Вијетнамски: đúng (“correct”)
  • → Јапански: 中(チュン) (chun, “red dragon (mahjong tile)”)

Јапански


 
Јапански Wikipedia has an article on:
Википедија ja

Kanji

中

(Први grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Common:

Uncommon:

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
中
なか
Степен: 1
kun'yomi
За изговор и дефиниције 中 – see the following entry: なか

(The following entry is uncreated: なか.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
中
ちゅう
Степен: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).

Pronunciation

Noun

中(ちゅう) (chū) 

  1. middle, medium
    大(だい)中(ちゅう)小(しょう)
    dai chū shō
    large, medium and small
  2. average; neither good nor poor
    中(ちゅう)の出(で)来(き)映(ば)え
    chū no dekibae
    an average performance
  3. during; being in the process of doing
  4. second volume of a three volume set

Affix

中(ちゅう) (chū) 

  1. China or Chinese; Sino- (prefix)
    日(にっ)中(ちゅう)関(かん)係(けい)
    Nitchū kankei
    Sino-Japanese relations

Suffix

中(ちゅう) (-chū) 

  1. being in the process of doing
    ダウンロード中(ちゅう)
    daunrōdo-chū
    downloading; download in progress
    メンテ中(ちゅう)
    mente-chū
    currently in maintenance
    インストール中(ちゅう)
    insutōru-chū
    installing
    準備(じゅんび)中(ちゅう)
    junbichū
    currently in preparation

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
中
じゅう
Степен: 1
on'yomi
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “from a later Chinese reading, sound shift, or rendaku?”

Pronunciation

Suffix

中(じゅう) (-jū) ←ぢゆう (dyuu)?

  1. during, in the course of, throughout
    世(せ)界(かい)中(じゅう)
    sekaijū
    throughout the world
    体(からだ)中(じゅう)
    karadajū
    throughout the body
  2. all over, everywhere

Usage notes

The distinction between じゅう (jū) and ちゅう (chū) can be somewhat confusing: じゅう (jū) means throughout, in all places, as in 一日中 (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体中 (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう (chū) means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業中 (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
中
うち
Степен: 1
kun'yomi
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

中(うち) (uchi) 

  1. inside

Usage notes

内 is the most common kanji for this pronunciation.

Etymology 5

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

中(あたり) or 中(proper) (atari or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたり]]

  1. a surname

中(あたる) or 中(proper) (ataru or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたる]]

  1. a female given name

中(なかば) or 中(proper) (nakaba or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|なかは]]

  1. a surname

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
中
ちゅん
Степен: 1
irregular

Borrowing from Мандарин 中 (zhōng)

Pronunciation

Noun

中(チュン) (chun) 

  1. (mahjong) red dragon (tile)

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Корејски


Etymology

From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: kàwóntòy-s) 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:
[[wikisource:ko:Special:Search/"中"|中]]

Wikisource

中 (eumhun 가운데 중 (gaunde jung))

  1. Hanja form? of 중 (“average Галицијски”).
  2. Hanja form? of 중 (“middle; medium”).
  3. Hanja form? of 중 (“amongst”).
  4. Hanja form? of 중 (“in the course of; during”).
  5. Hanja form? of 중 (“China (in compounds or in news media)”).

Compounds

Compounds

Шаблон:ko-l/multi

Proper noun

Hanja in this term
中

中 (jung) (hangeul 중)

  1. (in news headlines) Short for '"`UNIQtemplatestyles00000045QINU`"'中중國국 (Jungguk, “China”).
    韓·中 관계 ― Han·Jung gwangye ― South Korea – China relations

Usage notes

In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Korean

Alternative forms

  • 希 (*-huy) (probably represents lenition of initial *k)

Particle

中 (*-kuy, *-huy)

  1. in; at; amid (locative case marker, attested in isolation only before the eleventh century)

Reconstruction notes

  • Conventionally reconstructed as *-kuy because Idu manuals in Han'gul read this character as 희 (-huy), which is believed to reflect an ancient reading tradition. Middle Korean intervocalic /h/ is usually lenited from Old Korean */k/ based on internal and dialectal reconstruction. The non-lenited form also survives directly in pronouns: 이ᅌᅥ긔〮 (ìngèkúy, “here”), 뎌ᇰ어긔〮 (tyèngèkúy, “there”), etc.
  • Assumed to be a logogram borrowed from Chinese, as no Chinese reading or native Korean equivalent of 中 whose phonology is even remotely similar to *kuy is known. The Chinese word often bears a locative meaning as well, and there is a certain parallel in the Vietnamese Nôm use of the same character to write the native preposition trong (“in; inside”).
  • First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 良 (*-a). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 中 *-kuy in isolation is rarely encountered (although a likely Middle Korean reflex is attested in Hangul form as late as the fifteenth century). The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
  • At some point, perhaps even before widespread compounding, */k/ was lenited to */h/. Lenition may have begun as early as the eighth century, given the attestation of the 希 form in the poem 讚耆婆郞歌 Changiparang-ga, whose claimed date of composition is 740.
  • Nam Pung-hyun suggests that 矣 (*-uy), another apparent locative particle attested in the Old Korean corpus, should be connected to 中 (*-kuy.) He classifies both as "uy-type locatives", in contrast to 良 (*-a) as an "a-type locative", and speculates that the uy-type locatives were reserved for animate beings while 良 could be used indiscriminately.

Descendants

  • Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with 良 (*-a))
    • Middle Korean: 에〮 (-éy)
      • Корејски: 에 (-e)
  • Middle Korean: 희 (-huy) (rare)

See also

  • 良 (*-a) (locative case marker)
  • 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
  • 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)

References

  • 배대은 (1996), “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
  • 이승재 (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
  • Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
  • Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN 978-0-415-46287-7, pages 41–72

Вијетнамски


Han character

中: Hán Việt readings: trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (陟(trắc)弓(cung)切(thiết)), trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel
中: Nôm readings: trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;taberd, trong-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;btcn, trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, truồng-gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, đúng-gdhn, truông-btcn

  1. Hán tự form of trung, “middle”
  2. Hán tự form of Trung, “Sino-”
  3. Hán tự form of trúng, “to hit”
  4. Nôm form of trong (“in; inside; within”).

Compounds

Compounds

References




中 (кинески)

中 U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D
← 丬
[U+4E2C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丮 →
[U+4E2E]
 
Објашњење.

Изговор:

пинјин: zhōng  
Аудио:  (датотека)
Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

丨 00205

Значења:

...

Примери:

  1. 13 雀鳥中你們當以為可憎、不可喫的、乃是鵰、狗頭鵰、紅頭鵰、
    1. 13 Què niǎo zhōng nǐmen dāng yǐwéi kězēng, bùkě chī de, nǎi shì diāo, gǒutóu diāo, hóngtóu diāo,
      1. 13. А између птица ове да су вам гадне и да их не једете: орао и јастреб и морски орао,
        1. 5 Мој. 14:12, Рим. 14:1, Рим. 14:21

Синоними:

...


Хомофони:

...

Хомографи:

...

ХСК ниво:

...

Асоцијације:

...

Изведене речи:


Сродни чланци са Википедије:

中


Преводи

  • Енглески:
  • Француски:
  • Немачки:
  • Италијански:
  • Шпански:
  • Португалски:
  • Арапски:
  • Руски:
  • Српски:
  • Грчки:
  • Бугарски:
  • Шведски:

Референце

Шаблон:Kate Шаблон:Kate

Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=中&oldid=673461”