中
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Хан карактер
中 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), четири-угла 50006, composition ⿻口丨)
Изведени карактери
- 仲, 冲, 𫩘, 𡉥, 妕, 㞲, 忡, 𢪠, 沖, 狆, 䦿, 𭤫, 肿, 𣐄, 𠁪, 𫡇, 迚, 𥄡, 种, 祌, 𫃞, 翀, 𦕏, 舯, 蚛, 衶, 𫡉, 𡨌, 訲, 鈡, 𬈅, 𫙄, 𩵵, 𬈴, 串, 忠, 𤆪, 盅, 㲴, 䆔, 馽, 𨌼, 𨵓, 𦬕, 𥫯, 𫑢, 𠀐
- 钟 (Simplified form of 鍾 and 鐘)
Референце
- KangXi: page 79, карактер 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 73
- Dae Jaweon: страна 158, карактер 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 28, карактер 10
- Unihan data за U+4E2D
једн. and трад. |
中 | |
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алтернативне форме | 𠁦 𠁧 𠁩 𠔈 𠔗 |
Порекло глифа
Историјски облици карактера 中 | ||||||||||
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Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | |||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Стари Кинески | |
中 | |
忠 | |
衷 | |
忡 | |
浺 | |
盅 | |
种 | |
沖 | |
翀 | |
仲 |
Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建鼓). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中 is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.
Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口, indicating the center.
It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.
Етимологија
“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Изговор 2).
Од Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).
Related to:
Изговор 1
Дефиниције
中
- middle; center
- medium; intermediary
- within; among; in
- while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
- to be fit for
- heart; innermost being
- intermediary
- (dialectal) all right; OK
- Short for 中國/中国 (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
- Short for 中學/中学 (“middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
- 三中 ― Sān Zhōng ― No.3 Middle School
- 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
- A surname
Синоними
- (China):
Lua грешка: bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil).
Једињења
Изговор 2
Дефиниције
中
- to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
- to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
- to win (a prize, a lottery)
Синоними
- (Singapore Hokkien) 著 (tio̍h)
Једињења
Претходници
Others:
Kanji
Lua грешка in Модул:languages at line 1302: The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received nil..
Readings
- Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちゆう (tyuu, historical); じゅう (jū, Jōyō †)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちゆう (tyuu, historical); じゅう (jū, Jōyō †)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kun: なか (naka, 中, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 中); あたる (ataru, 中たる); あたる (ataru, 中る)
- Nanori: あたり (atari); あつ (atsu); あつる (atsuru); かなえ (kanae); かなめ (kaname); ただし (tadashi); とうる (tōru); とおる (tōru); ひとし (hitoshi); みつる (mitsuru); わたる (wataru)
Compounds
Common:
- 中央 (chūō)
- 中華 (chūka)
- 中核 (chūkaku)
- 中間 (chūkan)
- 中継 (chūkei)
- 中堅 (chūken)
- 中元 (chūgen)
- 中古 (chūko)
- 中国 (chūgoku)
- 中止 (chūshi)
- 中傷 (chūsho)
- 中心 (chūshin)
- 中旬 (chūjun)
- 中枢 (chūsū)
- 中世 (chūsei)
- 中性 (chūsei)
- 中絶 (chūzetsu)
- 中断 (chūdan)
- 中途 (chūto)
- 中東 (chūtō)
- 中道 (chūdō)
- 中毒 (chūdoku)
- 中年 (chūnen)
- 中腹 (chūfuku)
- 中立 (chūritsu)
- 中流 (chūryū)
- 中和 (chūwa)
- 中々 (nakanaka)
- 中庭 (nakaniwa)
- 中身 (nakame)
- 中産階級 (chūsankaikyō)
- 間中 (aidajū)
- 御中 (onchū)
- 渦中 (kachū)
- 海中 (kaichū)
- 寒中 (kanchū)
- 空中 (kūchū)
- 宮中 (kyūchū)
- 胸中 (kyōchū)
- 獄中 (gokuchū)
- 最中 (saichū)
- 背中 (senaka)
- 市中 (shichū)
- 車中 (shachū)
- 手中 (shuchū)
- 暑中 (shochū)
- 集中 (shūchū)
- 掌中 (chōchū)
- 心中 (shinjū), 心中 (shinchū)
- 女中 (jochū)
- 陣中 (jinchū)
- 戦中 (senchū)
- 水中 (suichū)
- 対中 (taichū)
- 地中 (chichū)
- 的中 (tekichū)
- 途中 (tochū)
- 日中 (nitchū)
- 熱中 (netchū)
- 年中 (nenjū)
- 野中 (nonaka)
- 文中 (bunchū)
- 人中 (hitonaka)
- 訪中 (hōchū)
- 町中 (machinaka)
- 命中 (meichū)
- 夢中 (muchū)
- 夜中 (yonaka)
- 連中 (renchū)
- 受付中 (uketsuke-chū)
- 仕事中 (shigoto-chū)
- 準備中 (junbi-chū)
- 営業中 (eigyō-chū)
- 脳卒中 (nōsotchū)
- 一晩中 (hitobanjū)
- 真ん中 (mannaka)
- 世の中 (yononaka)
- お話し中 (ohanashi-chū)
Uncommon:
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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中 |
なか Степен: 1 |
kun’yomi |
За изговор и дефиниције од 中 – види なか. (Овај појам, 中, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(Следећи унос је нестворен: なか.)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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中 |
ちゅう Степен: 1 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).
Pronunciation
Noun
中 (chū)
- middle, medium
- average; neither good nor poor
- during; being in the process of doing
- second volume of a three volume set
Affix
中 (chū)
Suffix
中 (-chū)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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中 |
じゅう Степен: 1 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation
Suffix
- during, in the course of, throughout
- all over, everywhere
Usage notes
The distinction between じゅう (jū) and ちゅう (chū) can be somewhat confusing: じゅう (jū) means throughout, in all places, as in 一日中 (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体中 (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう (chū) means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業中 (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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中 |
うち Степен: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
中 (uchi)
Usage notes
内 is the most common kanji for this pronunciation.
Etymology 5
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
中 or 中 (atari or proper) [[Category:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたり]]
- a surname
中 or 中 (ataru or proper) [[Category:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたる]]
- a female given name
中 or 中 (nakaba or proper) [[Category:Јапански Шаблон:error|なかは']]
- a surname
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
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中 |
ちゅん Степен: 1 |
irregular |
Borrowing from Mandarin 中 (zhōng)
Pronunciation
Noun
中 (chun)
- (mahjong) red dragon (tile)
See also
- 三元牌 (sangenpai, “dragon tiles”): 白 (haku, “white dragon”), 發 (hatsu, “green dragon”), 中 (chun, “red dragon”)
References
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: kàwóntòy-s) | 듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕuŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [중]
Hanja
Lua грешка in Модул:headword at line 442: In full_headword(), `data.translits` must be an array but is a string.
- Hanja form? of 중 (“average Галицијски”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“middle; medium”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“amongst”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“in the course of; during”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“China (in compounds or in news media)”).
Compounds
Proper noun
Hanja in this term |
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中 |
中 (Jung) (hangeul 중)
Usage notes
In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Old Korean
Alternative forms
- 希 (*-huy) (probably represents lenition of initial *k)
Particle
中 (*-kuy, *-huy)
- in; at; amid (locative case marker, attested in isolation only before the eleventh century)
- c. 690, 得烏 (Deugo), “慕竹旨郞歌 (Mojukjirang-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
- Lua грешка in Модул:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
- c. 740, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “讚耆婆郞歌 (Changiparang-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
- Lua грешка in Модул:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
- c. 965, 均如 (Gyunyeo), “常隨彿學歌 (Sangsubulhak-ga)”, in 均如傳 (Gyunyeo-jeon) [Works of Gyunyeo]:
- Lua грешка in Модул:languages/errorGetBy at line 14: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the first parameter; the value "<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error" id="mw-scribunto-error-51fddb02">Script error: The function "first_lang" does not exist.</span></strong>" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages)..
Reconstruction notes
- Conventionally reconstructed as *-kuy because Idu manuals in Han'gul read this character as 희 (-huy), which is believed to reflect an ancient reading tradition. Middle Korean intervocalic /h/ is usually lenited from Old Korean */k/ based on internal and dialectal reconstruction. The non-lenited form also survives directly in pronouns: 이ᅌᅥ긔〮 (ìngèkúy, “here”), 뎌ᇰ어긔〮 (tyèngèkúy, “there”), etc.
- Assumed to be a logogram borrowed from Chinese, as no Chinese reading or native Korean equivalent of 中 whose phonology is even remotely similar to *kuy is known. The Chinese word often bears a locative meaning as well, and there is a certain parallel in the Vietnamese Nôm use of the same character to write the native preposition trong (“in; inside”).
- First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 良 (*-a). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 中 *-kuy in isolation is rarely encountered (although a likely Middle Korean reflex is attested in Hangul form as late as the fifteenth century). The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
- At some point, perhaps even before widespread compounding, */k/ was lenited to */h/. Lenition may have begun as early as the eighth century, given the attestation of the 希 form in the poem 讚耆婆郞歌 Changiparang-ga, whose claimed date of composition is 740.
- Nam Pung-hyun suggests that 矣 (*-uy), another apparent locative particle attested in the Old Korean corpus, should be connected to 中 (*-kuy.) He classifies both as "uy-type locatives", in contrast to 良 (*-a) as an "a-type locative", and speculates that the uy-type locatives were reserved for animate beings while 良 could be used indiscriminately.
Descendants
See also
- 良 (*-a) (locative case marker)
- 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
- 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)
References
- 배대은 (1996), “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
- 이승재 (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
- Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
- Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
Han character
中: Hán Việt readings: trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (
中: Nôm readings: trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;taberd, trong-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;btcn, trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, truồng-gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, đúng-gdhn, truông-btcn
- Hán tự form of trung, “middle”
- Hán tự form of Trung, “Sino-”
- Hán tự form of trúng, “to hit”
- Nôm form of trong (“in; inside; within”).
Compounds
- 地中海 (Địa Trung Hải)
- 中隊 (trung đội)
- 中庸 (Trung Dung)
- 中華 (Trung Hoa)
- 中圻 (Trung Kì)
- 中國 (Trung Quốc)
- 中心 (trung tâm)
- 中便 (trung tiện)
- 㗂中 (tiếng Trung)
- 中央 (trung ương)
- 越中 (Việt Trung)
References
中 (кинески)
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Изговор:
- пинјин: zhōng
Шаблон:zh-cirАудио: (датотека)
Радикал:
- 丨 00205
Значења:
- ...
Примери:
Синоними:
- ...
Хомофони:
- ...
Хомографи:
- ...
ХСК ниво:
- ...
Асоцијације:
- ...
Изведене речи:
Сродни чланци са Википедије:
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