Викиречник

白

Такође погледајте: 日, 曰, 臼, 自, и 百
白 U+767D, 白
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767D
← 發
[U+767C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 百 →
[U+767E]
⽩ U+2F69, ⽩
KANGXI RADICAL WHITE
← ⽨
[U+2F68] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽪ →
[U+2F6A]

Translingual

Редослед писања
 

Han character

Види слике од
Радикал 106 白

白 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), четири-угла 26000, composition ⿱丿日)

  1. Кангци радикал #106, ⽩.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 785, карактер 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 22678
  • Dae Jaweon: страна 1196, карактер 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2642, карактер 1
  • Unihan data за U+767D

Chinese

једн. and трад.
 白

Glyph origin

Историјски облици карактера 白
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Знакови у истом фонетском низу (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Стари Кинески
怕
帕
粕
胉
泊
箔
魄
皕
伯
百
迫
敀
柏
湐
拍
珀
皛
洦
白
帛
舶
鮊
陌
帞
袹
蛨
貊
佰
銆
碧
咟

Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) .

Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 or, more probably, 擘.

Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂 (“oak”) (= 櫟) and 皂 (“acorn”).

Etymology

STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).

However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Middle Chinese due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (“white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

白

  1. white
    白色  ―  báisè  ―  white color
    白茶  ―  báichá  ―  white tea
  2. clear; easy to understand
    明白  ―  míngbai  ―  clear, obvious
    淺白／浅白  ―  qiǎnbái  ―  simple
  3. clear; pure; plain; blank
    白紙／白纸  ―  báizhǐ  ―  a blank sheet of paper
    白卷  ―  báijuǎn  ―  blank exam paper
    白水  ―  báishuǐ  ―  plain water
    白粥  ―  báizhōu  ―  plain congee
  4. bright; well-lit
  5. eminent; prominent
  6. vernacular
    白話／白话  ―  báihuà  ―  spoken language
  7. dialect
    蘇白／苏白  ―  sūbái  ―  Suzhou dialect
    京白  ―  jīngbái  ―  Beijing dialect
  8. Шаблон:zh-abbrev
  9. reactionary; anticommunist
    白軍／白军  ―  báijūn  ―  The White army
    白區／白区  ―  báiqū  ―  The White area
    白色恐怖  ―  báisèkǒngbù  ―  the White terror
  10. in vain; for nothing
    我們沒有白忙。／我们没有白忙。  ―  Wǒmen méiyǒu bái máng.  ―  Our efforts were not in vain.
    她白等了。  ―  Tā bái děng le.  ―  She waited in vain.
    他們的血沒有白流。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们的血没有白流。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen de xuè méiyǒu bái liú. [Pinyin]
    Their blood was not shed in vain.
    所有的工作都白做了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Suǒyǒu de gōngzuò dōu bái zuò le. [Pinyin]
    All the work has been done for nothing.
    白來一趟／白来一趟  ―  bái lái yītàng  ―  to come in vain; to come for nothing
    白給的東西／白给的东西  ―  báigěi de dōngxi  ―  something given for nothing
  11. free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
    你可以白拿走這些蘋果。 [MSC, trad.]
    你可以白拿走这些苹果。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ bái názǒu zhè xiē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    You can have these apples for free.
  12. to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
    她生氣地白了他一眼。 [MSC, trad.]
    她生气地白了他一眼。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shēngqì de bái le tā yīyǎn. [Pinyin]
    She gave him an angry stare.
  13. to explain; to present; to state
    自白  ―  zìbái  ―  explain oneself, confess
    開場白／开场白  ―  kāichǎngbái  ―  preamble
    表白  ―  biǎobái  ―  to explain oneself
    辯白／辩白  ―  biànbái  ―  to explain, to defend oneself
  14. to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
    我老是寫白字讀破句。 [MSC, trad.]
    我老是写白字读破句。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ lǎoshì xiě bái zì dúpòjù. [Pinyin]
    I always mispronounce words and break my sentences up in the wrong places.
    我把這字念白了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我把这字念白了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bǎ zhè zì niàn bái le. [Pinyin]
    I've mispronounced the character.
  15. spoken lines
    念白  ―  niànbái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
    道白  ―  dàobái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
    獨白／独白  ―  dúbái  ―  monologue
    對白／对白  ―  duìbái  ―  dialogue
  16. funeral
    紅白喜事／红白喜事  ―  hóngbáixǐshì  ―  weddings and funerals
  17. A презиме​.. Bai
    白崇禧  ―  Bái Chóngxǐ  ―  Bai Chongxi
  18. (～族) Bai, an ethnic group living primarily in Yunnan, China

Synonyms

  • (in vain): (Min Nan) 干

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (白):
  • → Јапански: 白(はく) (haku)
  • → Корејски: 백(白) (baek)
  • → Вијетнамски: bạch (白)

Others:

Compounds

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji

Шаблон:ja-kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白
しろ
Степен: 1
kun'yomi

⟨siro1⟩ → */sirʷo/ → /ɕiro/

From Old Japanese.

The standalone apophonic form of shira below.

Pronunciation

Noun

白(しろ) (shiro) 

  1. the color white
    Координатни термин: 黒 (kuro, “black”)
  2. (by extension) innocence
    Координатни термин: 黒 (kuro, “guilt”)
  3. (go) a white go stone
  4. something unwritten
  5. (colloquial) the white team in a 紅白 (kōhaku) group
  6. (colloquial) an unlicensed prostitute
  7. (colloquial) Short for 銀 (shirogane): silver
  8. (colloquial) Synonym of 塩 (shio): salt
  9. (colloquial) Short for 白書院 (shiroshoin): a specific kind of drawing room or study, using unpainted cedar wood with straight grain
  10. a type of もつ焼き (motsuyaki) made from pig intestines
  11. in the game of 人狼 (Jinrō, “Werewolf; Mafia”), one who is on the villagers' side
    Антоним: 黒 (kuro)
    確定白(かくていしろ)・確白(かくしろ)
    kakutei-shiro kakushiro
    one who is certainly on the villagers' side
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白
しら
Степен: 1
kun'yomi

⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/

From Old Japanese.

The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

Pronunciation

Prefix

白(しら) (shira-) 

  1. Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
    1. white
    2. undyed, unpainted, unseasoned, etc.
    3. pure
    4. innocent
    5. normal, unspecial
Derived terms

Adjective

白(しら) (shira) 

  1. unapplied, undecorated; also the object that is unapplied or undecorated
  2. honest, serious; also the person who is honest or serious
  3. normal, unspecial; also the person who is normal or unspecial in position, occupation, or condition
Inflection
Inflection of 白
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 白だろ しらだろ shira daro
Continuative (連用形) 白で しらで shira de
Terminal (終止形) 白だ しらだ shira da
Attributive (連体形) 白な しらな shira na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 白なら しらなら shira nara
Imperative (命令形) 白であれ しらであれ shira de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 白ではない
白じゃない 		しらではない
しらじゃない 		shira de wa nai
shira ja nai
Informal past 白だった しらだった shira datta
Informal negative past 白ではなかった
白じゃなかった 		しらではなかった
しらじゃなかった 		shira de wa nakatta
shira ja nakatta
Formal 白です しらです shira desu
Formal negative 白ではありません
白じゃありません 		しらではありません
しらじゃありません 		shira de wa arimasen
shira ja arimasen
Formal past 白でした しらでした shira deshita
Formal negative past 白ではありませんでした
白じゃありませんでした 		しらではありませんでした
しらじゃありませんでした 		shira de wa arimasen deshita
shira ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 白で しらで shira de
Conditional 白なら（ば） しらなら（ば） shira nara (ba)
Provisional 白だったら しらだったら shira dattara
Volitional 白だろう しらだろう shira darō
Adverbial 白に しらに shira ni
Degree 白さ しらさ shirasa
Classical conjugation of "白なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 白なら しらなら siranara
Continuative (連用形) 白に[1]
白なり[2]		 しらに
しらなり		 sirani
siranari
Terminal (終止形) 白なり しらなり siranari
Attributive (連体形) 白なる しらなる siranaru
Realis (已然形) 白なれ しらなれ siranare
Imperative (命令形) 白なれ しらなれ siranare
Key constructions
Negative 白ならず しらならず siranarazu
Contrasting conjunction 白なれど しらなれど siranaredo
Causal conjunction 白なれば しらなれば siranareba
Conditional conjunction 白ならば しらならば siranaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 白なりき しらなりき siranariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 白なりけり しらなりけり siranarikeri
Adverbial 白に しらに sirani
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.
Idioms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
白
はく
Степен: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 白.

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

Noun

白(はく) or 白(ハク) (haku) 

  1. the color white
  2. Short for 白人 (hakujin): an amateur
  3. a performer's lines
    Синоним: 台詞 (serifu)
  4. (mahjong) a white dragon tile
    Синоним: 白板 (paipan)
    Hypernym: 三元牌 (sangenpai)
  5. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of white dragon tiles, worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)
    Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms

Affix

白(はく) (haku) 

  1. white
  2. colorless, dirtless, markless
  3. bright and clear
  4. humbly say
  5. sake cup
  6. Short for 白居易 (Haku Kyoi): Bai Juyi
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
白
びゃく
Степен: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 白.

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the original borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Affix

白(びゃく) (byaku) 

  1. white
Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Hanja

白 (eumhun 흰 백 (huin baek))

  1. white

Hanja

白 (eumhun 아뢸 백 (aroel baek))

  1. to tell, to inform

See also

Okinawan

Etymology

Cognate with Јапански 白 (shiro, “white”).

Noun

白 (hiragana しるー, rōmaji shirū)

  1. white (color)
    くれー、白(しるー)やいびーん。
    Kurē, shirū yaibīn.
    This is white.

References

  • Okinawan-English Wordbook (Mitsugu Sakihara)

Old Korean

Etymology

The first attested meaning is "to report to a superior", from which the generally honorific meaning developed, presumably via an intermediary circumlocutional construction which is not attested. The orthography is logogramic; see the Chinese entry's definitions, specifically “to explain; to present; to state”.

Verb

白 (*SOLPO-)

  1. to inform a superior; to report
  2. an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the direct or indirect object of the main verb [from c. 865.]
  3. an auxiliary verb or suffix honoring the subject of the main verb
    • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
      口良中常利說法爲白乎隱矣
      IP-akuy SYANG-i SYEL.PEP-ho-so(l)p-wo-l to-y
      In [honorable your] constant preaching of the Dharma from the mouth
      (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms.)
    Синоним: 賜 (*-si)

Descendants

  • Middle Korean: ᄉᆞᆲ다 (solpta, “to report to a superior”)
    • Early Modern Korean: ᄉᆞᆯ오다 (solwota, “to report to a superior”)
      • Корејски: 사뢰다 (saroeda, “to report to a superior”)
    • Jeju: ᄉᆞᆯ루다 (sawlluda, “to tell, speak to a superior”)
  • Middle Korean: ᅀᆞᇦ (-zoW-, verbal honorific suffix for the direct or indirect object) (see there for further descendants)

References

  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 168—169
  • 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyeon) (2011), “古代韓國語의 謙讓法 助動詞 '白/ᄉᆞᆲ'과 '內/아'의 發達 [The development of the Old Korean humble auxiliary verbs '白 SOLP-' and '內 *A-']”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 26, pages 131–166

Vietnamese

Han character

白: Hán Việt readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn (薄(bạc)陌(mạch)切(thiết))
白: Nôm readings: bạch-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn, bạc-tdcndg;gdhn, trắng-tdcndg

  1. (only in compounds) Hán tự form of bạch, “white”
  2. Nôm form of bạc (“silver”).

Compounds

References


Zhuang

Verb

白

  1. Sawndip form of baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”)

白 (кинески)

 
Објашњење.
 
Објашњење.

Изговор:

пинјин: bái  
Аудио:  (датотека)
Шаблон:zh-cir

Радикал:

⽩ 106

Значења:

  1. бео
  2. узалуд

Примери:

  1. бео: 这双鞋是白色，不是灰色。Ове ципеле су беле, нису сиве.
  2. узалуд: 这双鞋白买了，她穿有点儿小。Узалуд[1] купујеш ове ципеле, биће јој мале.
  3. 10 祭司要察看．皮上若長了白[2]癤、使毛變白[2]、在長白[2]癤之處有了紅瘀肉、
    1. 10 Jìsī yào chákàn. Pí shàng ruò zhǎngle bái jiē, shǐ máo biàn bái, zài zhǎngbái jiē zhī chù yǒule hóng yū ròu,
      1. 10. И свештеник нека га види; ако буде бео оток на кожи и длака буде побелела, ако би и здраво месо било на отоку,
        1. 4 Мој. 12:10, 4 Мој. 12:12, 2 Цар. 5:27, 2 Дн. 26:19, Лука 5:14, Лука 17:14

Синоними:

  1. 白色
  2. 徒然


ХСК ниво:

Сродни чланци са Википедије:

白


Преводи

  • Енглески:
  • Француски:
  • Немачки:
  • Италијански:
  • Шпански:
  • Португалски:
  • Грчки:
  • Бугарски:
  • Шведски:

Референце

  1. ↑ Jin Zhigang, dr Radosav Pušić, Udžbenik kineskog jezika za drugu godinu studija, Beograd, 2004.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 利未記 13 章[1]

Шаблон:Kateg3 Шаблон:Kateg Шаблон:119:010

Претходна Страна Наредна

癶 105 皮 107
Преузето из „https://sr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=白&oldid=674603”